2-butanol has a chiral center and can exist as two enantiomers, thus exhibiting optical isomerism.

2,3-butanediol has two chiral centers, leading to 4 stereoisomers, while the others have fewer.

CH3-COOH is a carboxylic acid because it contains the -COOH functional group.

2-butanol has a chiral center and can exist as two enantiomers, making it chiral.

Iron commonly exhibits oxidation states of +2 and +3, with +2 being the most stable in many compounds.

Cyclopentene is a cyclic compound that contains a double bond, making it a cyclic alkene.

2-butene can exist in two geometric forms: cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene. The correct answer is trans-2-butene.

2,3-butanediol has two chiral centers but is superimposable on its mirror image, making it a meso compound.

The nitro group (-NO2) is a meta-directing group because it withdraws electrons from the aromatic ring, making the ortho and para positions less favorable for electrophilic attack.

A primary alcohol is one where the hydroxyl group (-OH) is attached to a carbon that is only connected to one other carbon. CH3CH2OH (ethanol) is a primary alcohol.

1-bromobutane is a primary alkyl halide because the carbon bonded to the bromine is attached to only one other carbon.

2-Butanol is a secondary alcohol because the hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon that is connected to two other carbons.

The compound CH3-CH2-NH-CH3 is a secondary amine as it has two alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen.

2-methylpropane is a structural isomer of butane, having the same molecular formula but a different structure.

2-methylpropane is a structural isomer of butane, both having the same molecular formula C4H10.

C4H10 is an alkane, as it follows the formula CnH2n+2, where n=4.

The compound CH3COOCH2CH3 contains an ester functional group, characterized by the -COO- linkage.

C2H5OC2H5 is an ether, characterized by an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl or aryl groups.

p-Dichlorobenzene has two chlorine substituents located at the para positions relative to each other on the benzene ring.

Phenol is a classic example of a phenolic compound, characterized by a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a benzene ring.

Naphthalene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, consisting of two fused benzene rings.

Lactic acid can exist as two enantiomers, and a racemic mixture contains equal amounts of both.

Ethyl acetate is formed from the reaction of ethanol and acetic acid, making it an ester. The other options are either alcohols or acids.

Toluene is most reactive due to the electron-donating effect of the methyl group, which activates the ring towards electrophilic substitution.

Toluene is the most reactive due to the electron-donating effect of the methyl group, which activates the ring towards electrophilic substitution.

3-bromopropane is a tertiary alkyl halide, which favors the SN1 mechanism due to the stability of the carbocation formed.

Tertiary alkyl halides like 3-bromopropane stabilize the carbocation intermediate formed during the SN1 mechanism, making them more reactive.

Toluene undergoes electrophilic substitution more readily than benzene due to the electron-donating effect of the methyl group, which stabilizes the carbocation intermediate.

Toluene undergoes electrophilic substitution most readily due to the electron-donating effect of the methyl group, which activates the benzene ring.

3-bromopentane undergoes elimination more readily due to the stability of the tertiary carbocation formed during the reaction.