In [Cu(NH3)4]SO4, copper is coordinated to four ammonia ligands, giving it a coordination number of 4.

The coordination number of the metal ion in [Co(NH3)6]Cl3 is 6, as it is surrounded by six ammonia ligands.

Hydrogen bonding significantly increases the boiling point of water compared to other similar-sized molecules.

Equivalent weight = molar mass / n, where n = number of H+ ions. Molar mass of H2SO4 = 98 g/mol, n = 2. Therefore, equivalent weight = 98 g / 2 = 49 g.

The complex formed is [Fe(SCN)3], where iron(III) ions coordinate with thiocyanate ions.

The formula for the compound formed between hydrogen and sulfur is H2S (hydrogen sulfide).

Phosphoric acid serves as an acidulant, providing a tangy flavor and balancing sweetness in soft drinks.

In [Ni(CO)4], nickel is in the +0 oxidation state and uses sp3 hybridization to form four equivalent bonds with the CO ligands.

Bioleaching uses microorganisms to extract metals, resulting in less environmental impact compared to traditional methods.

Brass is primarily an alloy of copper and zinc.

The main environmental benefit of using hydrogen as a fuel is that it produces only water as a byproduct when combusted.

When hydrogen reacts with chlorine gas, it forms hydrochloric acid (HCl) in aqueous solution.

When hydrogen reacts with halogens, the main product is hydrogen halides, which are acids.

Calcination is primarily used to convert carbonates to oxides by heating them in the absence of air.

Roasting is used to convert metal sulfides into oxides, making them easier to reduce.

Flux is used to remove impurities from ores during the smelting process, improving the quality of the extracted metal.

Hydrogen does not form hydrogen bonds like heavier group 1 hydrides, leading to a lower boiling point.

Molarity (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution. Here, M = 0.4 moles / 2 L = 0.2 M.

The molecular formula of the compound formed when hydrogen reacts with chlorine is HCl (hydrochloric acid).

The net ionic equation shows the formation of water from hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions.

In potassium dichromate, chromium has an oxidation state of +6.

In the complex [Cr(NH3)6]Cl3, the ammonia ligands are neutral, so the oxidation state of chromium is +3.

In [Cr(NH3)6]Cl3, the ammonia ligands are neutral, so the oxidation state of chromium is +3.

In sodium hydride (NaH), hydrogen has an oxidation state of -1 because it is bonded to a metal.

In the hydride ion (H-), hydrogen has an oxidation state of -1.

Sodium bicarbonate is a weak base. The pH can be estimated to be around 8.4 for a 0.001 M solution.

The pH of a strong acid like HCl can be calculated using the formula pH = -log[H+]. For 0.01 M HCl, pH = -log(0.01) = 2.

A 0.1 M solution of hydrochloric acid has a pH of approximately 1, indicating it is a strong acid.

pH = -log[H+] = -log(1 x 10^-7) = 7.

A neutral solution has a pH of 7 at 25°C, indicating equal concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxide ions.