Chlorine has an atomic number of 17, and its outermost electrons are in the 3rd shell, so n=3.

Potassium has an atomic number of 19, and its outermost electron is in the n=4 shell.

Chlorine has an atomic number of 17, and its outermost electrons are in the n=3 shell.

Condensation is the process where a gas turns into a liquid.

The oxidation of an aldehyde results in the formation of a carboxylic acid.

The reaction of 1-bromobutane with sodium ethoxide leads to the formation of butyl ethyl ether through an SN2 mechanism.

The product of the reaction between ammonia and an alkyl halide is an amine.

In acidic medium, Cr2O7²⁻ is reduced to Cr³⁺.

In acidic medium, the permanganate ion (MnO4-) is reduced to manganese ion (Mn2+).

The relationship is given by ΔG = -RT ln(K), where R is the gas constant and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

The rate of a reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of reactants raised to their respective powers in the rate law.

The vapor pressure of a solution is directly proportional to the mole fraction of the solvent.

The repeating unit of polystyrene is derived from the monomer styrene, which has the structure -CH=CH2-.

An oxidizing agent gains electrons during a redox reaction, causing another species to be oxidized.

Enzymes act as catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body, facilitating various metabolic processes.

MnO4⁻ acts as an oxidizing agent in acidic medium, as it gains electrons and is reduced.

Nitrogen oxides contribute to ozone formation, the greenhouse effect, and are a precursor to acid rain.

Phytoplankton absorb carbon dioxide during photosynthesis, playing a crucial role in carbon storage in the ocean.

Phytoplankton are crucial for oxygen production through photosynthesis and play a significant role in the carbon cycle.

Preservatives are added to food to prevent spoilage and increase shelf life by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms.

The Langmuir isotherm assumes a fixed number of adsorption sites and describes monolayer adsorption on a surface.

The standard enthalpy change for the formation of water from its elements (H2 and O2) is -285.83 kJ/mol.

The standard enthalpy change for combustion reactions, such as the formation of CO2 from carbon and oxygen, is typically negative, indicating that the reaction is exothermic.

The standard reduction potential indicates the tendency of a species to gain electrons, thus being reduced.

The standard reduction potential for the half-reaction Cu2+ + 2e- → Cu is +0.76 V, indicating a strong tendency to gain electrons.

The standard reduction potential for the half-reaction Fe^3+ + 3e- → Fe is +0.77 V, indicating a strong tendency to gain electrons.

Standard temperature and pressure (STP) is defined as 273 K and 1 atm.

Sublimation is the process where a solid changes directly into a gas without passing through the liquid state.

Sublimation is the process where a solid changes directly into a gas without becoming a liquid.

The maximum amount of adsorbate that can be adsorbed on a given mass of adsorbent is referred to as the adsorption capacity.