The standard reduction potential for the half-reaction Cu2+ + 2e- → Cu is +0.76 V, indicating a strong tendency to gain electrons.

The standard reduction potential for the half-reaction Fe^3+ + 3e- → Fe is +0.77 V, indicating a strong tendency to gain electrons.

Standard temperature and pressure (STP) is defined as 273 K and 1 atm.

Sublimation is the process where a solid changes directly into a gas without passing through the liquid state.

Sublimation is the process where a solid changes directly into a gas without becoming a liquid.

The maximum amount of adsorbate that can be adsorbed on a given mass of adsorbent is referred to as the adsorption capacity.

The maximum amount of adsorbate that can be adsorbed on a unit mass of adsorbent is referred to as the adsorption capacity.

The maximum amount of solute that can be adsorbed on a given mass of adsorbent is referred to as the adsorption capacity.

Desorption is the process of removing adsorbed molecules from a surface, while adsorption is the process of molecules adhering to a surface.

The atomic radius increases as you move down the alkali metal group due to the addition of electron shells.

The reactivity of alkali metals increases down the group due to the decrease in ionization energy.

The diamond structure is based on a face-centered cubic (FCC) unit cell with a specific arrangement of carbon atoms.

Diamond has a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure with a complex arrangement of carbon atoms.

The gas constant R is commonly expressed in the unit L·atm/(K·mol).

The van 't Hoff factor (i) for a non-electrolyte solute is 1, as it does not dissociate into ions.

Glucose does not dissociate in solution, so the van 't Hoff factor (i) = 1.

Na2SO4 dissociates into 3 ions (2 Na⁺ and 1 SO4²⁻), so i = 3.

Using Raoult's law, the vapor pressure of the solution = (moles of solvent / total moles) * P0 = (10 / 11) * P0 ≈ 0.909 P0.

Using Raoult's law, the vapor pressure of the solution = (moles of solvent / total moles) * P0 = (9 / 10) * P0 = 0.9 P0.

Vapor pressure of solution = (moles of solvent / total moles) * P0 = (3 / (2 + 3)) * P0 = 0.6 P0.

Vapor pressure lowering = (moles of solute / total moles) = 2 / (2 + 4) = 2/6 = 1/3. Thus, vapor pressure is 1/2 of pure solvent.

Vapor pressure = (moles of solvent / total moles) * P0 = (4 / (2 + 4)) * P0 = (4/6) * P0 = 0.67 P0.

Physisorption is characterized by a low heat of adsorption, typically less than 40 kJ/mol, due to weak van der Waals forces.

The reaction of ammonia with an alkyl halide primarily forms a primary amine.

The reaction of ammonia with an alkyl halide initially forms a primary amine.

Enzymes are primarily proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions.

DNA is classified as a nucleic acid, which stores and transmits genetic information.

A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share electrons.

Alkynes contain at least one triple bond between carbon atoms.

Alkenes are characterized by the presence of at least one double bond between carbon atoms.