Q. The half-life of a first-order reaction is independent of the initial concentration of the reactant. What is the expression for the half-life (t1/2)? (2022)
A.
t1/2 = 0.693/k
B.
t1/2 = k/0.693
C.
t1/2 = 1/k
D.
t1/2 = k/2
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Solution
The half-life of a first-order reaction is given by the expression t1/2 = 0.693/k, where k is the rate constant.
Correct Answer: A — t1/2 = 0.693/k
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Q. The half-life of a first-order reaction is independent of which of the following? (2022)
A.
Initial concentration
B.
Rate constant
C.
Temperature
D.
All of the above
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Solution
The half-life of a first-order reaction is independent of the initial concentration.
Correct Answer: A — Initial concentration
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Q. The half-life of a first-order reaction is independent of which parameter?
A.
Initial concentration
B.
Rate constant
C.
Temperature
D.
All of the above
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Solution
The half-life of a first-order reaction is independent of the initial concentration.
Correct Answer: A — Initial concentration
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Q. The heat capacity at constant volume (Cv) for an ideal gas is related to which of the following? (2023)
A.
Change in internal energy
B.
Change in enthalpy
C.
Change in entropy
D.
Change in Gibbs free energy
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Solution
The heat capacity at constant volume (Cv) is directly related to the change in internal energy of the system.
Correct Answer: A — Change in internal energy
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Q. The heat capacity at constant volume (Cv) is defined as: (2022)
A.
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1°C at constant pressure.
B.
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1°C at constant volume.
C.
The total heat content of a substance.
D.
The heat required to change the phase of a substance.
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Solution
The heat capacity at constant volume (Cv) is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1°C at constant volume.
Correct Answer: B — The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1°C at constant volume.
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Q. The heat capacity of a substance is defined as: (2023)
A.
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram by one degree Celsius.
B.
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one mole by one degree Celsius.
C.
The total heat content of the substance.
D.
The heat required to change the state of the substance.
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Solution
The heat capacity of a substance is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one mole of the substance by one degree Celsius.
Correct Answer: B — The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one mole by one degree Celsius.
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Q. The rate of a reaction is defined as the change in concentration of a reactant or product per unit time. What is the general form of the rate equation? (2023)
A.
Rate = k[A]^n
B.
Rate = k[A][B]
C.
Rate = k[A]^2[B]
D.
Rate = k[A] + [B]
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Solution
The general form of the rate equation is Rate = k[A]^n, where n is the order of the reaction.
Correct Answer: A — Rate = k[A]^n
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Q. The rate of a reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of one reactant raised to the power of 2. What is the order of the reaction? (2022)
A.
Zero order
B.
First order
C.
Second order
D.
Third order
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Solution
If the rate is proportional to the concentration of one reactant raised to the power of 2, the reaction is second order.
Correct Answer: C — Second order
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Q. The rate of a reaction is directly proportional to the product of the concentrations of the reactants raised to their respective powers. This statement defines:
A.
Rate law
B.
Equilibrium constant
C.
Reaction quotient
D.
Catalytic efficiency
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Solution
This statement defines the rate law of a reaction.
Correct Answer: A — Rate law
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Q. The rate of a reaction is directly proportional to the product of the concentrations of the reactants raised to their respective powers. This statement defines which law?
A.
Law of conservation of mass
B.
Rate law
C.
Le Chatelier's principle
D.
Gibbs free energy
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Solution
This statement defines the rate law of a chemical reaction.
Correct Answer: B — Rate law
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Q. The rate of a reaction is given by the equation rate = k[A]^2[B]. What is the overall order of the reaction? (2020)
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Solution
The overall order of the reaction is 2 (from [A]^2) + 1 (from [B]) = 3.
Correct Answer: C — 3
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Q. The term 'adsorption' refers to: (2022)
A.
The process of a substance being taken up by a liquid.
B.
The accumulation of molecules on a surface.
C.
The mixing of two liquids.
D.
The dissolution of a solid in a liquid.
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Solution
Adsorption is the process where molecules accumulate on the surface of a solid or liquid.
Correct Answer: B — The accumulation of molecules on a surface.
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Q. The uncertainty principle is associated with which of the following scientists? (2023)
A.
Bohr
B.
Heisenberg
C.
Schrodinger
D.
Planck
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Solution
The uncertainty principle is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics formulated by Werner Heisenberg.
Correct Answer: B — Heisenberg
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Q. The unit cell of a diamond structure is best described as which of the following? (2020)
A.
Simple cubic
B.
Face-centered cubic
C.
Body-centered cubic
D.
Hexagonal
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Solution
The diamond structure can be described as a face-centered cubic (FCC) lattice with a basis of two carbon atoms.
Correct Answer: B — Face-centered cubic
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Q. What does the term 'enthalpy' (H) represent? (2019)
A.
Internal energy plus pressure-volume work
B.
Total energy of the system
C.
Heat content at constant pressure
D.
All of the above
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Solution
Enthalpy (H) represents the total heat content of a system at constant pressure and is defined as internal energy plus pressure-volume work.
Correct Answer: D — All of the above
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Q. What effect does increasing temperature have on the rate of a chemical reaction? (2023)
A.
Decreases the rate
B.
Increases the rate
C.
No effect
D.
Depends on the reaction
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Solution
Increasing temperature generally increases the rate of a chemical reaction due to higher kinetic energy.
Correct Answer: B — Increases the rate
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Q. What happens to the equilibrium constant when a reaction is multiplied by a factor? (2023)
A.
It remains the same
B.
It is multiplied by the factor
C.
It is raised to the power of the factor
D.
It is divided by the factor
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Solution
When a balanced equation is multiplied by a factor, the equilibrium constant is raised to the power of that factor.
Correct Answer: C — It is raised to the power of the factor
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Q. What happens to the equilibrium position when a catalyst is added to a reaction at equilibrium? (2023)
A.
Shifts to the right
B.
Shifts to the left
C.
No change
D.
Increases Kc
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Solution
A catalyst speeds up both the forward and reverse reactions equally, thus it does not change the position of equilibrium or the value of Kc.
Correct Answer: C — No change
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Q. What is the balanced equation for the redox reaction between Cr2O7^2- and Fe^2+ in acidic medium? (2020)
A.
Cr2O7^2- + 6Fe^2+ → 2Cr^3+ + 3Fe^3+
B.
Cr2O7^2- + 3Fe^2+ → 2Cr^3+ + 3Fe^3+
C.
Cr2O7^2- + 4Fe^2+ → 2Cr^3+ + 4Fe^3+
D.
Cr2O7^2- + 2Fe^2+ → 2Cr^3+ + Fe^3+
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Solution
The balanced equation in acidic medium is Cr2O7^2- + 6Fe^2+ → 2Cr^3+ + 3Fe^3+.
Correct Answer: A — Cr2O7^2- + 6Fe^2+ → 2Cr^3+ + 3Fe^3+
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Q. What is the basic structural unit of lipids? (2020)
A.
Amino acids
B.
Nucleotides
C.
Fatty acids
D.
Monosaccharides
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Solution
Fatty acids are the basic structural units of lipids.
Correct Answer: C — Fatty acids
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Q. What is the boiling point elevation for a solution with 0.5 moles of a non-volatile solute in 1 kg of water? (Kb for water = 0.512 °C kg/mol) (2022)
A.
0.256 °C
B.
0.512 °C
C.
1.024 °C
D.
0.128 °C
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Solution
Boiling point elevation (ΔTb) = Kb * m = 0.512 °C kg/mol * 0.5 mol/kg = 0.256 °C.
Correct Answer: A — 0.256 °C
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Q. What is the boiling point trend among amines? (2020)
A.
Amines have lower boiling points than alkanes
B.
Amines have higher boiling points than alcohols
C.
Boiling points increase with molecular weight
D.
All of the above
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Solution
All of the above statements are true regarding the boiling point trends of amines.
Correct Answer: D — All of the above
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Q. What is the bond angle in the water molecule (H2O)? (2023)
A.
90 degrees
B.
104.5 degrees
C.
120 degrees
D.
180 degrees
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Solution
The bond angle in a water molecule is approximately 104.5 degrees due to the bent shape caused by lone pairs on oxygen.
Correct Answer: B — 104.5 degrees
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Q. What is the bond angle in water (H2O) due to the presence of hydrogen? (2023)
A.
90 degrees
B.
104.5 degrees
C.
120 degrees
D.
180 degrees
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Solution
The bond angle in water is approximately 104.5 degrees due to the bent shape of the molecule.
Correct Answer: B — 104.5 degrees
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Q. What is the bond angle in water (H2O) due to the presence of lone pairs on oxygen? (2019)
A.
104.5°
B.
109.5°
C.
120°
D.
90°
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Solution
The bond angle in water is approximately 104.5° due to the repulsion between the lone pairs on the oxygen atom.
Correct Answer: A — 104.5°
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Q. What is the change in internal energy (ΔU) for an ideal gas during an isothermal process? (2021)
A.
ΔU = 0
B.
ΔU = nRT
C.
ΔU = -nRT
D.
ΔU = PV
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Solution
In an isothermal process for an ideal gas, the temperature remains constant, which means the internal energy does not change. Therefore, ΔU = 0.
Correct Answer: A — ΔU = 0
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Q. What is the change in internal energy (ΔU) for an ideal gas undergoing an isothermal process? (2021)
A.
ΔU = 0
B.
ΔU = Q
C.
ΔU = W
D.
ΔU = Q + W
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Solution
In an isothermal process for an ideal gas, the temperature remains constant, which means the internal energy does not change. Therefore, ΔU = 0.
Correct Answer: A — ΔU = 0
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Q. What is the change in internal energy (ΔU) for an isothermal process for an ideal gas? (2021)
A.
ΔU = 0
B.
ΔU = nRT
C.
ΔU = -nRT
D.
ΔU = PV
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Solution
In an isothermal process for an ideal gas, the temperature remains constant, which means the internal energy does not change. Therefore, ΔU = 0.
Correct Answer: A — ΔU = 0
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Q. What is the change in internal energy (ΔU) for an isothermal process of an ideal gas? (2021)
A.
ΔU = 0
B.
ΔU = nRT
C.
ΔU = -nRT
D.
ΔU = PV
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Solution
In an isothermal process for an ideal gas, the temperature remains constant, which means the internal energy does not change. Therefore, ΔU = 0.
Correct Answer: A — ΔU = 0
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Q. What is the change in oxidation state of carbon in the reaction C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH? (2023)
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Solution
In the conversion of glucose to ethanol, the oxidation state of carbon decreases, indicating a reduction of -1.
Correct Answer: C — -1
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