A catalyst does not affect the equilibrium constant; it only speeds up the rate at which equilibrium is reached.

A catalyst does not affect the position of equilibrium; it only speeds up the rate at which equilibrium is reached.

Inserting a dielectric material increases the capacitance of a capacitor by reducing the electric field within it.

Inserting a dielectric material between the plates of a capacitor decreases the electric field due to polarization.

Inserting a dielectric material into a capacitor decreases the electric field inside the capacitor due to polarization.

A charged particle moving perpendicular to a magnetic field experiences a magnetic force that acts perpendicular to both the velocity and the magnetic field, causing it to move in a circular path.

A current-carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field experiences a force due to the interaction between the magnetic field and the current.

A magnetic field exerts a force only on moving charges; therefore, a stationary charge experiences no force.

The addition of a non-volatile solute raises the boiling point of the solvent, a phenomenon known as boiling point elevation.

A polarizer decreases the intensity of unpolarized light by allowing only a certain orientation of light waves to pass through.

A quarter-wave plate converts linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light by introducing a phase shift of 90 degrees.

When a second polarizer is oriented at 90 degrees to the first, it blocks all the light, reducing the intensity to zero.

When a second polarizer is oriented at 90 degrees to the first, no light passes through.

When light passes through a second polarizer at 90 degrees to the first, the intensity is reduced to zero.

A strong magnetic field can cause deviation in the compass reading, leading to inaccuracies.

Acids turn blue litmus paper red.

Adding a base to hydrochloric acid will neutralize it, resulting in an increase in pH.

Adding a base to an acidic solution increases the pH, making it less acidic.

A catalyst speeds up the rate of both the forward and reverse reactions equally, thus having no effect on the position of equilibrium.

A catalyst increases the rate of both the forward and reverse reactions equally, thus it does not shift the position of equilibrium.

Adding a common ion decreases the solubility of a salt due to the common ion effect, which shifts the equilibrium to the left.

Adding a common ion decreases the solubility of a salt in a saturated solution due to the common ion effect.

Adding a non-volatile solute increases the boiling point due to boiling point elevation.

Adding a non-volatile solute decreases the vapor pressure of the solvent due to the solute particles occupying space at the surface.

Adding a non-volatile solute decreases the vapor pressure of the solvent due to the reduction in the mole fraction of the solvent.

Adding a solute to a solvent increases the boiling point of the solution, a phenomenon known as boiling point elevation.

Adding a solute to a solvent typically increases the viscosity of the solution due to the interactions between solute and solvent molecules.

A buffer solution is designed to resist changes in pH, so adding a strong acid will cause only a small change in pH.

Adding a strong base to a buffer solution will increase the pH, but the buffer will resist significant changes in pH due to the presence of the weak acid.

Adding an inert gas at constant volume does not change the partial pressures of the reactants or products, hence no effect on equilibrium.