Q. Which of the following pairs of atoms will form a bond with the highest bond order?
A.
C and O
B.
N and O
C.
C and N
D.
O and O
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Solution
C and N will form a bond with the highest bond order of 3, as seen in the molecule CN.
Correct Answer: C — C and N
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Q. Which of the following pairs of atoms will form a stable diatomic molecule according to molecular orbital theory?
A.
N and O
B.
O and F
C.
C and N
D.
B and O
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Solution
C and N will form a stable diatomic molecule as they have suitable bond orders and electron configurations.
Correct Answer: C — C and N
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Q. Which of the following pairs of molecules has the same bond order?
A.
N2 and CO
B.
O2 and F2
C.
C2 and B2
D.
He2 and Ne2
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Solution
N2 and CO both have a bond order of 3.
Correct Answer: A — N2 and CO
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Q. Which of the following processes has a negative ΔG?
A.
Melting of ice at 0°C.
B.
Freezing of water at 0°C.
C.
Dissolving salt in water.
D.
Sublimation of dry ice.
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Solution
Dissolving salt in water is a spontaneous process at standard conditions, resulting in a negative ΔG.
Correct Answer: C — Dissolving salt in water.
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Q. Which of the following processes has a positive ΔG?
A.
Combustion of fuels
B.
Dissolution of salts in water
C.
Photosynthesis
D.
Respiration
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Solution
Photosynthesis is an endothermic process that requires energy, resulting in a positive ΔG.
Correct Answer: C — Photosynthesis
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Q. Which of the following processes is associated with a positive change in entropy?
A.
Condensation of steam
B.
Sublimation of dry ice
C.
Freezing of water
D.
Compression of gas
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Solution
Sublimation of dry ice (solid CO2) to gas increases disorder, resulting in a positive change in entropy.
Correct Answer: B — Sublimation of dry ice
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Q. Which of the following processes is associated with an increase in entropy?
A.
Freezing of water
B.
Condensation of steam
C.
Sublimation of dry ice
D.
Melting of ice
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Solution
Sublimation of dry ice (solid CO2) to gas increases entropy as the gas phase has higher disorder than the solid phase.
Correct Answer: C — Sublimation of dry ice
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Q. Which of the following processes is characterized by constant pressure?
A.
Isothermal
B.
Isochoric
C.
Isobaric
D.
Adiabatic
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Solution
An isobaric process is characterized by constant pressure.
Correct Answer: C — Isobaric
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Q. Which of the following processes is endothermic and results in an increase in entropy?
A.
Dissolving salt in water
B.
Combustion of methane
C.
Condensation of steam
D.
Freezing of water
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Solution
Dissolving salt in water is an endothermic process that increases the disorder of the system, thus increasing entropy.
Correct Answer: A — Dissolving salt in water
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Q. Which of the following processes is endothermic?
A.
Combustion of fuels
B.
Dissolving ammonium nitrate in water
C.
Respiration
D.
Condensation of steam
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Solution
Dissolving ammonium nitrate in water absorbs heat, making it an endothermic process.
Correct Answer: B — Dissolving ammonium nitrate in water
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Q. Which of the following processes is exothermic?
A.
Melting of ice
B.
Dissolving ammonium nitrate in water
C.
Combustion of methane
D.
Evaporation of water
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Solution
The combustion of methane is an exothermic process, releasing heat.
Correct Answer: C — Combustion of methane
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Q. Which of the following processes is expected to have the largest increase in entropy?
A.
Dissolving salt in water
B.
Melting ice
C.
Boiling water
D.
Sublimation of solid iodine
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Solution
Sublimation of solid iodine to gas involves a phase change from solid to gas, which has a significant increase in disorder, thus the largest increase in entropy.
Correct Answer: D — Sublimation of solid iodine
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Q. Which of the following processes is expected to have the largest positive change in entropy?
A.
Dissolving salt in water
B.
Condensing steam
C.
Melting ice
D.
Combining hydrogen and oxygen gases
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Solution
Dissolving salt in water increases the number of particles in solution, leading to a significant increase in entropy.
Correct Answer: A — Dissolving salt in water
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Q. Which of the following processes is irreversible and leads to an increase in entropy?
A.
Reversible isothermal expansion
B.
Free expansion of gas
C.
Isothermal compression
D.
Adiabatic expansion
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Solution
Free expansion of gas is an irreversible process that leads to an increase in entropy as the gas expands into a vacuum.
Correct Answer: B — Free expansion of gas
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Q. Which of the following processes is isothermal?
A.
Heating a gas in a closed container
B.
Compressing a gas without heat exchange
C.
Allowing a gas to expand slowly while maintaining constant temperature
D.
Cooling a gas in a closed container
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Solution
Allowing a gas to expand slowly while maintaining constant temperature is an isothermal process.
Correct Answer: C — Allowing a gas to expand slowly while maintaining constant temperature
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Q. Which of the following processes is spontaneous at constant temperature and pressure?
A.
Decreasing entropy
B.
Increasing entropy
C.
Constant entropy
D.
None of the above
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Solution
A spontaneous process at constant temperature and pressure is characterized by an increase in entropy.
Correct Answer: B — Increasing entropy
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Q. Which of the following processes results in an increase in entropy?
A.
Isothermal compression
B.
Adiabatic expansion
C.
Isobaric heating
D.
All of the above
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Solution
Isobaric heating increases the temperature and volume of the gas, leading to an increase in entropy.
Correct Answer: C — Isobaric heating
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Q. Which of the following properties is characteristic of liquids?
A.
Definite shape
B.
Definite volume
C.
Compressibility
D.
High viscosity
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Solution
Liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container.
Correct Answer: B — Definite volume
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Q. Which of the following properties is NOT associated with liquids?
A.
Surface tension
B.
Viscosity
C.
Compressibility
D.
Fluidity
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Solution
Liquids are generally incompressible, so compressibility is not a property associated with them.
Correct Answer: C — Compressibility
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Q. Which of the following properties is NOT typical of liquids?
A.
High density
B.
Low compressibility
C.
Fixed volume
D.
Fixed shape
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Solution
Liquids have a fixed volume but do not have a fixed shape; they take the shape of their container.
Correct Answer: D — Fixed shape
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Q. Which of the following properties of liquids is affected by temperature?
A.
Density
B.
Viscosity
C.
Surface tension
D.
All of the above
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Solution
All these properties change with temperature; for example, viscosity decreases with increasing temperature.
Correct Answer: D — All of the above
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Q. Which of the following quantum numbers can have a negative value?
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Solution
The magnetic quantum number (m_l) can take negative values, ranging from -l to +l.
Correct Answer: C — m_l
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Q. Which of the following quantum numbers can have a value of 0?
A.
Principal quantum number
B.
Azimuthal quantum number
C.
Magnetic quantum number
D.
Spin quantum number
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Solution
The azimuthal quantum number (l) can have a value of 0, which corresponds to an s orbital.
Correct Answer: B — Azimuthal quantum number
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Q. Which of the following quantum numbers can never be negative?
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Solution
The principal quantum number n can never be negative; it starts from 1.
Correct Answer: A — n
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Q. Which of the following quantum numbers cannot be negative?
A.
Principal quantum number (n)
B.
Azimuthal quantum number (l)
C.
Magnetic quantum number (m_l)
D.
Spin quantum number (m_s)
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Solution
The principal quantum number (n) is always a positive integer (1, 2, 3, ...).
Correct Answer: A — Principal quantum number (n)
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Q. Which of the following quantum numbers describes the shape of an orbital?
A.
Principal quantum number
B.
Azimuthal quantum number
C.
Magnetic quantum number
D.
Spin quantum number
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Solution
The azimuthal quantum number (l) determines the shape of the orbital.
Correct Answer: B — Azimuthal quantum number
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Q. Which of the following quantum numbers is associated with the orientation of an orbital?
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Solution
The magnetic quantum number (m_l) describes the orientation of an orbital.
Correct Answer: C — m_l
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Q. Which of the following quantum numbers is not associated with the electron spin?
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Solution
The principal quantum number n is not associated with electron spin; it describes the energy level.
Correct Answer: A — n
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Q. Which of the following quantum numbers is not associated with the electron's energy level?
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Solution
The spin quantum number (m_s) does not affect the energy level of the electron.
Correct Answer: D — m_s
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Q. Which of the following quantum numbers is not associated with the spin of an electron?
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Solution
The principal quantum number n, azimuthal quantum number l, and magnetic quantum number m_l do not describe the spin of an electron. The spin quantum number s does.
Correct Answer: A — n
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