States of Matter
Q. According to Boyle's law, if the volume of a gas is doubled at constant temperature, what happens to the pressure?
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A.
It doubles
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B.
It halves
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C.
It remains constant
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D.
It quadruples
Solution
Boyle's law states that pressure is inversely proportional to volume at constant temperature, so if the volume is doubled, the pressure halves.
Correct Answer: B — It halves
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Q. According to Boyle's law, if the volume of a gas is doubled, what happens to its pressure?
-
A.
It doubles
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B.
It halves
-
C.
It remains constant
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D.
It quadruples
Solution
Boyle's law states that pressure is inversely proportional to volume at constant temperature, so if volume is doubled, pressure is halved.
Correct Answer: B — It halves
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Q. According to Graham's law of effusion, the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to what?
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A.
Molar mass
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B.
Temperature
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C.
Pressure
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D.
Volume
Solution
Graham's law states that the rate of effusion is inversely proportional to the square root of the molar mass of the gas.
Correct Answer: A — Molar mass
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Q. According to the ideal gas law, which of the following is the correct equation?
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A.
PV = nRT
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B.
PV = nR
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C.
P = nRT/V
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D.
V = nP/RT
Solution
The ideal gas law is represented by the equation PV = nRT.
Correct Answer: A — PV = nRT
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Q. According to the kinetic molecular theory, which of the following statements is true?
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A.
Gas particles have significant volume.
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B.
Gas particles are in constant motion.
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C.
Gas particles attract each other.
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D.
Gas particles do not collide.
Solution
According to the kinetic molecular theory, gas particles are in constant motion.
Correct Answer: B — Gas particles are in constant motion.
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Q. At constant temperature, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure. This is known as which law?
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A.
Boyle's Law
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B.
Charles's Law
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C.
Avogadro's Law
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D.
Ideal Gas Law
Solution
Boyle's Law states that for a given mass of gas at constant temperature, the volume is inversely proportional to the pressure.
Correct Answer: A — Boyle's Law
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Q. At what temperature does the volume of a gas become zero according to Charles's Law?
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A.
0 K
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B.
-273.15 °C
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C.
273.15 K
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D.
None of the above
Solution
According to Charles's Law, the volume of a gas approaches zero at absolute zero, which is -273.15 °C.
Correct Answer: B — -273.15 °C
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Q. If the temperature of a gas is doubled at constant pressure, what happens to its volume?
-
A.
It halves
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B.
It doubles
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C.
It remains the same
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D.
It quadruples
Solution
According to Charles's Law, at constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature.
Correct Answer: B — It doubles
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Q. In the ideal gas equation PV=nRT, what does 'n' represent?
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A.
Pressure
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B.
Volume
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C.
Number of moles
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D.
Temperature
Solution
'n' represents the number of moles of the gas in the ideal gas equation.
Correct Answer: C — Number of moles
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Q. In the van der Waals equation, what do the constants 'a' and 'b' represent?
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A.
Pressure and volume
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B.
Attraction and volume
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C.
Temperature and pressure
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D.
Volume and temperature
Solution
'a' accounts for the attractive forces between molecules, while 'b' accounts for the volume occupied by the gas molecules.
Correct Answer: B — Attraction and volume
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Q. In which of the following conditions does a gas deviate most from ideal behavior?
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A.
High temperature and low pressure
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B.
Low temperature and high pressure
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C.
High temperature and high pressure
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D.
Low temperature and low pressure
Solution
A gas deviates most from ideal behavior at low temperatures and high pressures due to increased intermolecular forces.
Correct Answer: B — Low temperature and high pressure
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Q. In which of the following scenarios does a liquid exhibit the highest density?
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A.
At its boiling point
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B.
At its freezing point
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C.
At room temperature
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D.
At its critical point
Solution
A liquid typically exhibits the highest density at room temperature, as it is not at the extremes of phase change.
Correct Answer: D — At its critical point
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Q. In which of the following scenarios would you expect a liquid to have the highest viscosity?
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A.
At high temperatures
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B.
At low temperatures
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C.
When mixed with gases
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D.
When agitated
Solution
Viscosity generally decreases with increasing temperature, so a liquid would have the highest viscosity at low temperatures.
Correct Answer: B — At low temperatures
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Q. In which of the following states does a liquid exhibit the highest density?
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A.
At low temperatures
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B.
At high temperatures
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C.
At critical temperature
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D.
At boiling point
Solution
Liquids generally exhibit the highest density at low temperatures.
Correct Answer: A — At low temperatures
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Q. In which of the following states of matter do particles have the least freedom of movement?
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A.
Solid
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B.
Liquid
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C.
Gas
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D.
Plasma
Solution
In solids, particles are closely packed and have limited movement.
Correct Answer: A — Solid
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Q. In which state of matter do particles have the highest kinetic energy?
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A.
Solid
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B.
Liquid
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C.
Gas
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D.
Plasma
Solution
Plasma has the highest kinetic energy as the particles are highly energized and ionized.
Correct Answer: D — Plasma
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Q. The phenomenon of surface tension is primarily due to which type of forces?
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A.
Cohesive forces
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B.
Adhesive forces
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C.
Gravitational forces
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D.
Electrostatic forces
Solution
Surface tension arises from cohesive forces between liquid molecules.
Correct Answer: A — Cohesive forces
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Q. What happens to the boiling point of a liquid when the atmospheric pressure decreases?
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A.
It increases.
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B.
It decreases.
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C.
It remains the same.
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D.
It becomes unpredictable.
Solution
The boiling point of a liquid decreases with a decrease in atmospheric pressure.
Correct Answer: B — It decreases.
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Q. What happens to the kinetic energy of particles as a substance changes from solid to liquid?
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A.
It decreases
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B.
It remains the same
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C.
It increases
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D.
It fluctuates
Solution
The kinetic energy of particles increases as they gain energy to overcome intermolecular forces during melting.
Correct Answer: C — It increases
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Q. What happens to the pressure of a gas if the volume is doubled at constant temperature?
-
A.
It doubles
-
B.
It halves
-
C.
It remains the same
-
D.
It quadruples
Solution
According to Boyle's Law, if the volume is doubled at constant temperature, the pressure halves.
Correct Answer: B — It halves
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Q. What happens to the pressure of a gas if the volume is halved at constant temperature?
-
A.
It doubles
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B.
It halves
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C.
It remains the same
-
D.
It quadruples
Solution
According to Boyle's Law, if the volume is halved, the pressure doubles at constant temperature.
Correct Answer: A — It doubles
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Q. What happens to the volume of a gas if the temperature is increased at constant pressure?
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A.
It decreases
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B.
It increases
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C.
It remains the same
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D.
It becomes zero
Solution
According to Charles's law, the volume of a gas increases with an increase in temperature at constant pressure.
Correct Answer: B — It increases
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Q. What happens to the volume of a gas when the pressure is increased at constant temperature?
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A.
Increases
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B.
Decreases
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C.
Remains the same
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D.
Becomes zero
Solution
According to Boyle's Law, the volume of a gas decreases when pressure increases at constant temperature.
Correct Answer: B — Decreases
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Q. What is the boiling point of a liquid?
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A.
The temperature at which vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure
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B.
The temperature at which a liquid freezes
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C.
The temperature at which a liquid evaporates
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D.
The temperature at which a liquid condenses
Solution
The boiling point is defined as the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the atmospheric pressure.
Correct Answer: A — The temperature at which vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure
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Q. What is the critical point in a phase diagram?
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A.
The point where solid and liquid coexist
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B.
The point where liquid and gas coexist
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C.
The point beyond which gas cannot be liquefied
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D.
The point of maximum pressure
Solution
The critical point is where the liquid and gas phases become indistinguishable.
Correct Answer: C — The point beyond which gas cannot be liquefied
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Q. What is the critical temperature of a gas?
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A.
The temperature above which a gas cannot be liquefied
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B.
The temperature at which a gas condenses
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C.
The temperature at which a gas expands
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D.
The temperature at which a gas is at its maximum density
Solution
The critical temperature is the temperature above which a gas cannot be liquefied, regardless of the pressure applied.
Correct Answer: A — The temperature above which a gas cannot be liquefied
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Q. What is the critical temperature of a substance?
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A.
The temperature at which a substance boils
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B.
The temperature above which a gas cannot be liquefied
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C.
The temperature at which a substance freezes
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D.
The temperature at which a substance condenses
Solution
The critical temperature is the temperature above which a gas cannot be liquefied.
Correct Answer: B — The temperature above which a gas cannot be liquefied
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Q. What is the effect of adding a solute to a solvent on the boiling point of the solution?
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A.
Boiling point decreases
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B.
Boiling point remains the same
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C.
Boiling point increases
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D.
Boiling point becomes unpredictable
Solution
Adding a solute to a solvent increases the boiling point of the solution, a phenomenon known as boiling point elevation.
Correct Answer: C — Boiling point increases
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Q. What is the effect of increasing pressure on the boiling point of a liquid?
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A.
Boiling point decreases
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B.
Boiling point increases
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C.
No effect
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D.
Boiling point becomes constant
Solution
Increasing pressure raises the boiling point of a liquid.
Correct Answer: B — Boiling point increases
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Q. What is the effect of increasing temperature on the density of liquids?
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A.
Density increases
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B.
Density decreases
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C.
Density remains constant
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D.
Density fluctuates randomly
Solution
Generally, the density of liquids decreases with an increase in temperature.
Correct Answer: B — Density decreases
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