Chemical Bonding
Q. According to VSEPR theory, what is the shape of the molecule with the formula AX2E2?
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A.
Linear
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B.
Bent
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C.
Trigonal planar
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D.
Tetrahedral
Solution
AX2E2 indicates two bonding pairs and two lone pairs, resulting in a bent shape.
Correct Answer: B — Bent
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Q. For which of the following diatomic molecules is the bond order equal to 2?
Solution
F2 has a bond order of 1, while C2 has a bond order of 2.
Correct Answer: D — F2
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Q. For which of the following molecules is the bond order equal to 0?
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A.
He2
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B.
H2
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C.
Li2
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D.
Be2
Solution
He2 has a bond order of 0, as it has equal bonding and antibonding electrons.
Correct Answer: A — He2
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Q. For which of the following molecules is the molecular orbital diagram similar to that of O2?
Solution
The molecular orbital diagram of F2 is similar to that of O2, with the same energy level arrangement.
Correct Answer: B — F2
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Q. For which of the following pairs of molecules is the bond order the same?
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A.
N2 and C2
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B.
O2 and F2
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C.
B2 and C2
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D.
N2 and O2
Solution
O2 and F2 both have a bond order of 2.
Correct Answer: B — O2 and F2
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Q. Identify the hybridization of the central atom in NH3.
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A.
sp
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B.
sp2
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C.
sp3
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D.
dsp3
Solution
The nitrogen atom in NH3 is sp3 hybridized, forming three bonds and one lone pair.
Correct Answer: C — sp3
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Q. Identify the hybridization of the nitrogen atom in NH3.
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A.
sp
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B.
sp2
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C.
sp3
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D.
dsp2
Solution
The nitrogen atom in NH3 is sp3 hybridized, forming three N-H bonds and one lone pair.
Correct Answer: C — sp3
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Q. In molecular orbital theory, which of the following orbitals is the highest energy in O2?
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A.
σ2p
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B.
π2p
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C.
σ2s
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D.
π2s
Solution
In O2, the π2p orbitals are the highest energy orbitals.
Correct Answer: B — π2p
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Q. In molecular orbital theory, which of the following statements is correct regarding the energy levels of orbitals?
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A.
σ orbitals are always lower than π orbitals.
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B.
π orbitals are always lower than σ orbitals.
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C.
σ* orbitals are always higher than π* orbitals.
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D.
Energy levels can vary based on the atoms involved.
Solution
The energy levels of molecular orbitals can vary depending on the specific atoms and their electronegativities.
Correct Answer: D — Energy levels can vary based on the atoms involved.
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Q. In the molecular orbital diagram of diatomic nitrogen (N2), which orbitals are filled first?
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A.
σ2s, σ*2s
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B.
σ2p, π2p
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C.
π2p, σ2p
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D.
σ*2p, π*2p
Solution
In N2, the 2s orbitals (σ2s and σ*2s) are filled before the 2p orbitals.
Correct Answer: A — σ2s, σ*2s
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Q. In the molecular orbital theory, which of the following is true for the π molecular orbitals?
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A.
They are formed by end-to-end overlap.
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B.
They are lower in energy than σ orbitals.
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C.
They can accommodate a maximum of 2 electrons.
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D.
They are always bonding.
Solution
π molecular orbitals can accommodate a maximum of 2 electrons, similar to all molecular orbitals.
Correct Answer: C — They can accommodate a maximum of 2 electrons.
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Q. In the molecular orbital theory, which of the following orbitals is lower in energy than the 2p orbitals?
Solution
The 2s molecular orbitals are lower in energy than the 2p molecular orbitals.
Correct Answer: A — 2s
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Q. In the molecular orbital theory, which of the following orbitals is lower in energy for homonuclear diatomic molecules?
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A.
σ2p
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B.
π2p
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C.
σ2s
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D.
π2s
Solution
The σ2s orbital is lower in energy than the π2p and σ2p orbitals in homonuclear diatomic molecules.
Correct Answer: C — σ2s
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Q. In the molecular orbital theory, which of the following orbitals is the highest energy in O2?
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A.
σ2p
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B.
π2p
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C.
σ*2p
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D.
π*2p
Solution
The highest energy orbital in O2 is σ*2p, which is an antibonding orbital.
Correct Answer: C — σ*2p
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Q. In the molecular orbital theory, which of the following orbitals is the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) in O2?
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A.
σ2p
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B.
π2p
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C.
σ*2p
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D.
π*2p
Solution
In O2, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) is π2p.
Correct Answer: B — π2p
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Q. In the molecular orbital theory, which of the following pairs of orbitals can combine to form a sigma bond?
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A.
s and p
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B.
p and p
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C.
s and s
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D.
d and p
Solution
s and s orbitals can combine to form a sigma bond.
Correct Answer: C — s and s
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Q. In the molecular orbital theory, which orbitals combine to form sigma bonds?
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A.
s and p orbitals
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B.
p and d orbitals
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C.
s orbitals only
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D.
p orbitals only
Solution
Sigma bonds are formed by the head-on overlap of s and p orbitals.
Correct Answer: A — s and p orbitals
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Q. In which of the following compounds does the central atom exhibit dsp3 hybridization?
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A.
PCl5
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B.
SF6
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C.
XeF4
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D.
NH3
Solution
In PCl5, phosphorus exhibits dsp3 hybridization, forming five P-Cl bonds.
Correct Answer: A — PCl5
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Q. In which of the following compounds does the central atom exhibit sp hybridization?
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A.
C2H4
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B.
N2
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C.
HCl
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D.
C2H2
Solution
In C2H2, the carbon atoms are sp hybridized, forming a triple bond between them.
Correct Answer: D — C2H2
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Q. In which of the following compounds does the central atom have sp3d hybridization?
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A.
PCl5
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B.
SiCl4
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C.
XeF4
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D.
NH4Cl
Solution
In PCl5, the phosphorus atom is sp3d hybridized, allowing it to form five P-Cl bonds.
Correct Answer: A — PCl5
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Q. In which of the following compounds is the bond order equal to 1?
Solution
H2 has a bond order of 1, indicating a single bond between the two hydrogen atoms.
Correct Answer: C — H2
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Q. In which of the following molecules does the molecular orbital configuration lead to paramagnetism?
Solution
O2 is paramagnetic due to the presence of two unpaired electrons in its molecular orbitals.
Correct Answer: B — O2
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Q. In which of the following molecules does the molecular orbital configuration show unpaired electrons?
Solution
O2 has two unpaired electrons in its π* orbitals, making it paramagnetic.
Correct Answer: B — O2
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Q. In which of the following molecules does the molecular orbital diagram show a paramagnetic behavior?
Solution
O2 is paramagnetic due to the presence of two unpaired electrons in its molecular orbitals.
Correct Answer: B — O2
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Q. In which of the following molecules does the molecular orbital theory predict a paramagnetic behavior?
Solution
O2 is paramagnetic due to the presence of two unpaired electrons in its molecular orbitals.
Correct Answer: B — O2
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Q. In which of the following molecules does the molecular orbital theory predict a triple bond?
Solution
N2 has a triple bond, with a bond order of 3 according to molecular orbital theory.
Correct Answer: A — N2
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Q. In which of the following species does the molecular orbital configuration show a paramagnetic behavior?
Solution
O2 has unpaired electrons in its molecular orbital configuration, making it paramagnetic.
Correct Answer: B — O2
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Q. What is the bond angle in a methane (CH4) molecule?
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A.
90 degrees
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B.
109.5 degrees
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C.
120 degrees
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D.
180 degrees
Solution
In methane, the bond angle is approximately 109.5 degrees due to its tetrahedral geometry.
Correct Answer: B — 109.5 degrees
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Q. What is the bond angle in a tetrahedral molecule?
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A.
90 degrees
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B.
120 degrees
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C.
109.5 degrees
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D.
180 degrees
Solution
In a tetrahedral geometry, the bond angles are approximately 109.5 degrees.
Correct Answer: C — 109.5 degrees
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Q. What is the bond angle in a trigonal planar molecule?
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A.
120 degrees
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B.
109.5 degrees
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C.
180 degrees
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D.
90 degrees
Solution
In a trigonal planar geometry, the bond angles are 120 degrees.
Correct Answer: A — 120 degrees
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