Q. The energy stored in a capacitor is directly proportional to which of the following? (2023)
A.
Charge
B.
Voltage
C.
Capacitance
D.
All of the above
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Solution
The energy stored in a capacitor is given by U = 1/2 CV^2, which shows it is proportional to both charge and voltage.
Correct Answer: D — All of the above
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Q. The energy stored in a capacitor is given by which of the following formulas? (2021)
A.
1/2 CV^2
B.
CV
C.
Q/V
D.
1/2 QV
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Solution
The energy (U) stored in a capacitor is given by the formula U = 1/2 CV^2, where C is capacitance and V is voltage.
Correct Answer: A — 1/2 CV^2
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Q. The energy stored in an object due to its position is called _____. (2019)
A.
Kinetic energy
B.
Potential energy
C.
Thermal energy
D.
Chemical energy
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Solution
Potential energy is the energy stored in an object due to its position or configuration.
Correct Answer: B — Potential energy
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Q. The enthalpy change for a reaction can be calculated using which of the following?
A.
Bond energies
B.
Standard enthalpies of formation
C.
Calorimetry
D.
All of the above
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Solution
The enthalpy change for a reaction can be calculated using bond energies, standard enthalpies of formation, and calorimetry.
Correct Answer: D — All of the above
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Q. The enthalpy change for the reaction A + B → C is +50 kJ/mol. What can be said about the reaction?
A.
It is exothermic
B.
It is endothermic
C.
It is spontaneous
D.
It is at equilibrium
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Solution
A positive enthalpy change indicates that the reaction absorbs heat, thus it is endothermic.
Correct Answer: B — It is endothermic
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Q. The enthalpy of vaporization of a substance is defined as:
A.
The heat required to melt the substance
B.
The heat required to convert a liquid into a gas
C.
The heat released during condensation
D.
The heat required to raise the temperature of a substance
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Solution
The enthalpy of vaporization is the heat required to convert a liquid into a gas at constant temperature and pressure.
Correct Answer: B — The heat required to convert a liquid into a gas
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Q. The enthalpy of vaporization of water is approximately ____ kJ/mol.
A.
40.79
B.
60.79
C.
80.79
D.
100.79
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Solution
The enthalpy of vaporization of water is approximately 40.79 kJ/mol.
Correct Answer: A — 40.79
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Q. The enthalpy of vaporization of water is approximately:
A.
40.79 kJ/mol
B.
2260 kJ/mol
C.
100 kJ/mol
D.
60 kJ/mol
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Solution
The enthalpy of vaporization of water is approximately 2260 kJ/mol.
Correct Answer: B — 2260 kJ/mol
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Q. The entropy change for a phase transition at constant temperature is given by:
A.
ΔS = ΔH/T
B.
ΔS = T/ΔH
C.
ΔS = ΔH*T
D.
ΔS = ΔH + T
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Solution
For a phase transition at constant temperature, the change in entropy is given by ΔS = ΔH/T, where ΔH is the enthalpy change.
Correct Answer: A — ΔS = ΔH/T
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Q. The entropy change for a reaction can be calculated using which of the following?
A.
ΔS = ΣS(products) - ΣS(reactants)
B.
ΔS = ΣS(reactants) - ΣS(products)
C.
ΔS = Q/T
D.
ΔS = W/T
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Solution
The change in entropy for a reaction is calculated using the formula ΔS = ΣS(products) - ΣS(reactants).
Correct Answer: A — ΔS = ΣS(products) - ΣS(reactants)
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Q. The entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero is given by:
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Solution
According to the third law of thermodynamics, the entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero is zero.
Correct Answer: B — 0
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Q. The entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero is:
A.
Maximum
B.
Minimum
C.
Undefined
D.
Infinite
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Solution
According to the third law of thermodynamics, the entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero is zero, which is the minimum value.
Correct Answer: B — Minimum
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Q. The entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero temperature is given by which law?
A.
Third law of thermodynamics
B.
First law of thermodynamics
C.
Second law of thermodynamics
D.
Zeroth law of thermodynamics
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Solution
The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a perfect crystal approaches zero as the temperature approaches absolute zero.
Correct Answer: A — Third law of thermodynamics
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Q. The entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero temperature is given by:
A.
0
B.
1
C.
Infinity
D.
Depends on the substance
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Solution
According to the third law of thermodynamics, the entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero is exactly zero.
Correct Answer: A — 0
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Q. The entropy of a perfect crystalline substance at absolute zero is given by which law?
A.
Third law of thermodynamics
B.
First law of thermodynamics
C.
Second law of thermodynamics
D.
Zeroth law of thermodynamics
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Solution
The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a perfect crystalline substance approaches zero as the temperature approaches absolute zero.
Correct Answer: A — Third law of thermodynamics
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Q. The entropy of a perfect crystalline substance at absolute zero is given by: (2021)
A.
0 J/K
B.
1 J/K
C.
2 J/K
D.
Depends on the substance
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Solution
According to the third law of thermodynamics, the entropy of a perfect crystalline substance at absolute zero is exactly zero.
Correct Answer: A — 0 J/K
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Q. The entropy of a perfect crystalline substance at absolute zero is:
A.
Zero
B.
Maximum
C.
Undefined
D.
Infinite
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Solution
According to the third law of thermodynamics, the entropy of a perfect crystalline substance at absolute zero is zero.
Correct Answer: A — Zero
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Q. The equation of a line parallel to y = 2x + 3 and passing through (1, 1) is?
A.
y = 2x - 1
B.
y = 2x + 1
C.
y = 2x + 3
D.
y = 2x - 3
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Solution
Parallel lines have the same slope. Using point-slope form: y - 1 = 2(x - 1) => y = 2x - 1.
Correct Answer: A — y = 2x - 1
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Q. The equation of a line passing through (1, 2) and (3, 6) is:
A.
y = 2x
B.
y = 3x - 1
C.
y = x + 1
D.
y = 4x - 2
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Solution
Slope = (6-2)/(3-1) = 2. Using point-slope form: y - 2 = 2(x - 1) => y = 2x.
Correct Answer: A — y = 2x
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Q. The equation of a line passing through the points (1, 2) and (3, 6) is:
A.
y = 2x
B.
y = 3x - 1
C.
y = x + 1
D.
y = 4x - 2
Show solution
Solution
Slope = (6-2)/(3-1) = 2. Using point-slope form: y - 2 = 2(x - 1) => y = 2x.
Correct Answer: A — y = 2x
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Q. The equation of a line with slope 2 passing through the point (1, 3) is?
A.
y = 2x + 1
B.
y = 2x + 2
C.
y = 2x + 3
D.
y = 2x - 1
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Solution
Using point-slope form: y - 3 = 2(x - 1) => y = 2x + 1.
Correct Answer: C — y = 2x + 3
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Q. The equation of a parabola is given by x^2 = 16y. What is the length of the latus rectum?
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Solution
The length of the latus rectum for the parabola x^2 = 4py is given by 4p. Here, 4p = 16, so p = 4. Thus, the length of the latus rectum is 4p = 16.
Correct Answer: B — 8
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Q. The equation of a parabola with vertex at (0, 0) and focus at (0, 3) is?
A.
x^2 = 12y
B.
y^2 = 12x
C.
x^2 = 6y
D.
y^2 = 6x
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Solution
The distance from the vertex to the focus is 3, so the equation is x^2 = 12y.
Correct Answer: A — x^2 = 12y
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Q. The equation of an ellipse is given by 4x^2 + 9y^2 = 36. What is the eccentricity of the ellipse?
A.
0.5
B.
0.6
C.
0.7
D.
0.8
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Solution
Rewriting gives x^2/9 + y^2/4 = 1. Here, a^2 = 9, b^2 = 4, c = √(a^2 - b^2) = √(9 - 4) = √5. Eccentricity e = c/a = √5/3 ≈ 0.6.
Correct Answer: B — 0.6
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Q. The equation of an ellipse with foci at (0, ±c) and major axis along the y-axis is given by?
A.
x^2/a^2 + y^2/b^2 = 1
B.
y^2/a^2 + x^2/b^2 = 1
C.
x^2/b^2 + y^2/a^2 = 1
D.
y^2/b^2 + x^2/a^2 = 1
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Solution
The equation of an ellipse with foci at (0, ±c) and major axis along the y-axis is y^2/a^2 + x^2/b^2 = 1.
Correct Answer: B — y^2/a^2 + x^2/b^2 = 1
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Q. The equation of motion for a simple harmonic oscillator is given by x(t) = A cos(ωt + φ). What does φ represent?
A.
Amplitude
B.
Phase constant
C.
Angular frequency
D.
Time period
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Solution
In the equation of motion for simple harmonic motion, φ is the phase constant, which determines the initial position of the oscillator.
Correct Answer: B — Phase constant
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Q. The equation of motion for a simple harmonic oscillator is given by x(t) = A cos(ωt + φ). What does A represent?
A.
Angular frequency
B.
Phase constant
C.
Amplitude
D.
Displacement
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Solution
A represents the amplitude of the oscillation, which is the maximum displacement from the mean position.
Correct Answer: C — Amplitude
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Q. The equation of state for an ideal gas is given by: (2022)
A.
PV = nRT
B.
PV = NkT
C.
PV = mRT
D.
PV = kT
Show solution
Solution
The equation of state for an ideal gas is PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
Correct Answer: A — PV = nRT
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Q. The equation of the directrix of the parabola y^2 = 8x is?
A.
x = -2
B.
x = 2
C.
y = -4
D.
y = 4
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Solution
The directrix of the parabola y^2 = 8x is given by x = -2.
Correct Answer: A — x = -2
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Q. The equation of the line passing through (1, 2) and (3, 6) is:
A.
y = 2x
B.
y = 3x - 1
C.
y = x + 1
D.
y = 4x - 2
Show solution
Solution
Slope = (6-2)/(3-1) = 2. Using point-slope form: y - 2 = 2(x - 1) => y = 2x.
Correct Answer: A — y = 2x
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