Molality is defined as moles of solute per kilogram of solvent, hence the unit is mol/kg.

Phenol is a derivative of benzene, where one hydrogen atom is replaced by a hydroxyl group (-OH).

Ester is a derivative of carboxylic acid formed by the reaction of an acid with an alcohol.

Newton is a derived unit as it is defined in terms of the base units: 1 N = 1 kg·m/s².

Oxalic acid (C2H2O4) is a dicarboxylic acid as it contains two carboxylic acid groups.

Maltose is a disaccharide composed of two glucose units.

FM requires a larger bandwidth than AM, which can be a disadvantage in certain communication systems.

FM requires a more complex receiver design compared to AM.

The equation y = e^x represents a family of exponential curves for different bases.

Carbohydrates primarily serve as an energy source for living organisms.

Lipids are primarily used for energy storage in organisms.

Proteins serve multiple functions in the body, including energy storage, hormonal regulation, and transport of molecules.

Proteins play a crucial role in hormonal regulation among other functions.

Copper is a good conductor of heat.

Lead is a heavy metal that can accumulate in the environment and is toxic to living organisms.

Lead is a heavy metal that poses significant environmental and health hazards.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) acts as a reducing agent.

Water (H2O) is a compound that contains hydrogen.

Acetone (CH3COCH3) is a ketone.

Raoult's Law is primarily valid for ideal solutions, where the interactions between molecules are similar to those in the pure components.

Cholesterol is a type of lipid, while starch, cellulose, and glucose are carbohydrates.

Sound waves are longitudinal waves, where particle displacement is parallel to wave direction.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are major contributors to the depletion of the ozone layer, leading to increased UV radiation.

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is released from various sources including volcanic eruptions, automobile emissions, and industrial processes.

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance.

Aldehydes can be prepared by the oxidation of primary alcohols.

Amines can be prepared by the reduction of nitriles.

All the listed methods (hydration of alkenes, reduction of aldehydes, and reduction of ketones) can be used to synthesize alcohols.

Aldehydes can be synthesized by the hydration of alkynes.

Dehydrohalogenation is a common method for preparing alkenes from alkyl halides.