Q. The 'Berlin Conference' of 1884-85 is best known for which of the following?
A.Dividing Africa among European powers
B.Establishing the League of Nations
C.Promoting free trade in Europe
D.Creating the United Nations
Solution
The Berlin Conference is best known for dividing Africa among European powers, formalizing the scramble for Africa and establishing rules for colonization.
Correct Answer: A — Dividing Africa among European powers
Q. The 'Chipko Movement' in India is primarily associated with which of the following? (1973)
A.Water conservation
B.Forest conservation
C.Soil conservation
D.Wildlife conservation
Solution
The Chipko Movement, which began in the 1970s, is primarily associated with forest conservation, where villagers embraced trees to prevent them from being cut down.
Q. The 'Columbian Exchange' refers to the exchange of goods, ideas, and diseases between which of the following?
A.Europe and Asia
B.Africa and the Americas
C.The Americas and Europe
D.Asia and Africa
Solution
The 'Columbian Exchange' refers to the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, and diseases between the Americas and Europe following Christopher Columbus's voyages in the late 15th century.
Q. The 'Glorious Revolution' of 1688 in England is significant for establishing which principle?
A.Absolute monarchy
B.Parliamentary sovereignty
C.Divine right of kings
D.Colonial expansion
Solution
The Glorious Revolution established the principle of parliamentary sovereignty, limiting the powers of the monarchy and affirming the role of Parliament.
Q. The 'Great Awakening' in the 18th century America primarily influenced which aspect of society?
A.Political independence from Britain.
B.Religious revival and the questioning of traditional authority.
C.Economic reforms and industrialization.
D.Social stratification and class divisions.
Solution
The Great Awakening was a series of religious revivals that emphasized personal faith and challenged established religious authorities, leading to greater religious diversity.
Correct Answer: B — Religious revival and the questioning of traditional authority.
Q. The 'Great Leap Forward' was an economic campaign initiated in which country? (1958)
A.India
B.China
C.Soviet Union
D.United States
Solution
The 'Great Leap Forward' was an economic campaign initiated by the Chinese Communist Party aimed at rapidly transforming China from an agrarian society into a socialist society through rapid industrialization.
Q. The 'Green Revolution' in India aimed at increasing agricultural production but also raised concerns about which of the following? (1960)
A.Soil degradation
B.Water scarcity
C.Biodiversity loss
D.All of the above
Solution
The Green Revolution aimed to increase agricultural production but raised concerns about soil degradation, water scarcity, and biodiversity loss due to intensive farming practices.
Q. The 'Macaulay Minute' of 1835 emphasized which of the following?
A.Promotion of vernacular languages
B.Introduction of English education
C.Establishment of technical institutes
D.Support for indigenous knowledge systems
Solution
The Macaulay Minute emphasized the introduction of English education as a means to create a class of educated Indians who could assist in administration.
Correct Answer: B — Introduction of English education
Q. The 'Mughal Empire' in India is known for which of the following architectural achievements?
A.The Parthenon
B.The Colosseum
C.The Taj Mahal
D.The Great Pyramid of Giza
Solution
The Taj Mahal, built during the Mughal Empire in the 17th century, is one of the most famous architectural achievements, symbolizing the grandeur of Mughal architecture and the love of Emperor Shah Jahan for his wife Mumtaz Mahal.
Q. The 'Quit India Movement' of 1942 was a response to which of the following government policies? (1942)
A.The Cripps Mission
B.The Government of India Act
C.The Simon Commission
D.The Partition Plan
Solution
The Quit India Movement was largely a response to the failure of the Cripps Mission, which proposed limited self-government but was rejected by Indian leaders.
Q. The 'Renaissance' in India during the 19th century was primarily characterized by which of the following?
A.Revival of ancient texts
B.Western education and reform movements
C.Colonial resistance
D.Cultural isolation
Solution
The 19th-century Renaissance in India was marked by the introduction of Western education and various reform movements aimed at social and cultural renewal.
Correct Answer: B — Western education and reform movements
Q. The 'Right to Equality' enshrined in the Indian Constitution is primarily aimed at ensuring which of the following? (1950)
A.Equal pay for equal work
B.Prohibition of discrimination
C.Right to free speech
D.Right to education
Solution
The 'Right to Equality' ensures that all citizens have equal rights and prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.