The Industrial Revolution led to significant deforestation as forests were cleared for industrial expansion and urban development, resulting in environmental degradation.

Buddhism spread significantly to Southeast Asia during ancient times, influencing cultures and societies in countries like Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia.

The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme was launched in 1975 to provide food, preschool education, and primary healthcare to children under 6 years of age.

The IMF, established in 1944, aims to ensure the stability of the international monetary system.

The introduction of the potato during the medieval period significantly transformed agriculture in Europe, leading to increased food security and population growth.

The smallpox vaccine, developed by Edward Jenner in 1796, was the first successful vaccine and played a crucial role in reducing smallpox outbreaks.

The compass was invented in medieval China and played a crucial role in maritime navigation.

Alexander Graham Bell is credited with the invention of the telephone in 1876, revolutionizing communication.

The Little Ice Age led to cooler temperatures that adversely affected agricultural productivity in Europe, causing famines and social unrest.

Madrasahs were primarily focused on Islamic theology and jurisprudence, serving as centers for religious education.

The Magna Carta, signed in 1215, is significant for establishing the principle of the rule of law, limiting the powers of the king.

The WHO, established in 1948, coordinates international health activities and responses to health emergencies.

The Mid-Day Meal Scheme was launched in 1995 to improve the nutritional status of school-age children and combat malnutrition.

The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms aimed to increase Indian participation in governance through the introduction of dyarchy in the provinces.

The Bahmani Sultanate was a significant neighboring kingdom that influenced the Mughal Empire's expansion into the Deccan region, leading to various military and political interactions.

The National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM) was launched in 2011 to promote self-employment and organization of rural poor into self-help groups.

The New Economic Policy of 1991 focused on liberalization and globalization, moving away from the previous socialist policies.

The Non-Aligned Movement was founded during the Bandung Conference in 1955, where leaders from various countries sought to create a third path in the Cold War.

The Non-Cooperation Movement was launched in response to the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre of 1919, which galvanized Indian opinion against British rule.

The Parthenon is dedicated to Athena, the goddess of wisdom and warfare, and is a quintessential example of ancient Greek architecture.

Utilitarianism is most closely associated with John Stuart Mill, who expanded on Jeremy Bentham's ideas about maximizing happiness.

The 'Allegory of the Cave' is found in 'The Republic', illustrating the difference between the world of appearances and the world of reality.

'Tabula Rasa' is the theory that individuals are born as blank slates, with knowledge and personality shaped by experience.

Liberalism played a crucial role in the planning and execution of the French Revolution, advocating for individual rights and democratic governance.

The Indus Valley Civilization is known for its advanced urban planning, including complex irrigation systems that supported agriculture.

The Roman Empire's extensive road network was primarily designed to facilitate military mobilization, allowing for quick movement of troops across the empire.

The Maurya Empire implemented policies to increase agricultural productivity, which in turn supported a larger labor force and population growth.

The Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) scheme, launched in 2019, provides direct income support to small and marginal farmers.

The UNDP focuses on supporting sustainable development and reducing poverty globally.

The WTO, established in 1995, aims to facilitate international trade and ensure that trade flows as smoothly and predictably as possible.