The British East India Company primarily governed India through indirect rule, utilizing local princes and zamindars to maintain control.

'Ahimsa' is a fundamental principle in Indian philosophy that advocates for non-violence and respect for all living beings.

The term 'Artificial Intelligence' was coined in the 1950s during a conference at Dartmouth College.

The Congress of Vienna (1815) established the idea of buffer states in Europe to prevent any one power from becoming too dominant.

The agricultural revolution increased the carrying capacity of land, allowing for larger populations to be sustained.

Climate refugees are people who are forced to leave their homes due to sudden or gradual changes in their environment, particularly natural disasters exacerbated by climate change.

A youthful population can lead to a demographic dividend, where the working-age population is larger than the non-working-age population, potentially boosting economic growth.

'Dharma' in Indian culture refers to moral and ethical duties that guide individuals in their conduct and responsibilities.

The concept of 'Ecological Footprint' was popularized in the 1990s, providing a measure of human demand on the Earth's ecosystems and resources.

Geographical Determinism posits that the physical environment, particularly geography, significantly influences human societies, shaping their culture, economy, and social structures.

In ancient Indian political geography, 'Mandala' refers to a circular model of statecraft that illustrates the relationship between different kingdoms and their territorial ambitions.

'Nirvana' signifies the cessation of suffering and the end of the cycle of rebirth in Buddhism.

Plate Tectonics is a scientific theory that explains the movement of the Earth's continents and the geological activity associated with it.

The Poverty Line in India is defined based on the minimum consumption expenditure required to meet basic needs, including food, clothing, and shelter.

'Purna Swaraj', or complete independence, was formally adopted by the Indian National Congress in 1930 during the Lahore session.

Raj Dharma refers to the moral and ethical duties of a king, emphasizing the importance of righteousness in governance.

The concept of 'Responsibility to Protect' (R2P) was endorsed by the United Nations at the World Summit in 2005.

Sarvodaya, meaning 'welfare for all', emphasizes social justice and the upliftment of the marginalized, which is a core principle of inclusive growth.

Mahatma Gandhi introduced the concept of 'Satyagraha' during the Champaran Movement in 1917 to address the grievances of indigo farmers.

Mahatma Gandhi introduced the concept of 'Satyagraha' as a non-violent method of protest against injustice.

Mahatma Gandhi first successfully implemented the concept of 'Satyagraha' during the Champaran Movement in 1917, addressing the grievances of indigo farmers.

The concept of 'Satyagraha' was first successfully implemented during the Champaran Satyagraha in 1917, where Gandhi led farmers against oppressive plantation laws.

Montesquieu is most closely associated with the concept of 'Separation of Powers', which advocates for dividing government responsibilities into distinct branches to prevent any one group from gaining too much power.

The concept of the Social Contract is most closely associated with Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who argued that legitimate political authority relies on a contract between the governed and the government.

Social Darwinism misapplied Darwin's theories of natural selection to justify imperialism, suggesting that stronger nations had the right to dominate weaker ones.

Social Darwinism was often used to justify colonial expansion by suggesting that stronger nations had the right to dominate weaker ones.

The concept of 'Social Justice' in the Indian Constitution aims to eliminate economic inequality, caste discrimination, and gender disparity, ensuring equality for all citizens.

Sovereignty refers to the absolute authority of a state over its territory and population, indicating that the state has the ultimate power to govern itself without external interference.

The Treaty of Westphalia (1648) is often credited with shaping the modern concept of sovereignty and the principles of territorial integrity.

The State Legislature in India is influenced by the British Parliamentary System, which emphasizes a bicameral legislature.