Properties of Matter
Q. If the temperature of a material increases, what happens to its Young's modulus?
A.
Increases
B.
Decreases
C.
Remains constant
D.
Depends on the material
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Solution
Generally, the Young's modulus of materials decreases with an increase in temperature.
Correct Answer: B — Decreases
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Q. If the viscosity of a fluid is doubled, what happens to the flow rate through a constant diameter pipe?
A.
Doubles
B.
Halves
C.
Remains the same
D.
Increases fourfold
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Solution
If viscosity is doubled, the flow rate through a constant diameter pipe is halved.
Correct Answer: B — Halves
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Q. If the viscosity of a fluid is doubled, what happens to the flow rate through a pipe, assuming all other factors remain constant?
A.
Doubles
B.
Halves
C.
Remains the same
D.
Increases fourfold
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Solution
If viscosity is doubled, the flow rate through a pipe will halve, as flow rate is inversely proportional to viscosity.
Correct Answer: B — Halves
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Q. If the viscosity of a fluid is high, what does it imply about the fluid's flow?
A.
It flows easily
B.
It flows slowly
C.
It is incompressible
D.
It is a gas
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Solution
A high viscosity indicates that the fluid flows slowly.
Correct Answer: B — It flows slowly
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Q. If the viscosity of a liquid is doubled, how does it affect the flow rate through a pipe?
A.
Flow rate doubles
B.
Flow rate halves
C.
Flow rate remains the same
D.
Flow rate quadruples
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Solution
According to Poiseuille's law, if viscosity is doubled, the flow rate is halved, assuming all other factors remain constant.
Correct Answer: B — Flow rate halves
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Q. If the viscosity of a liquid is doubled, what happens to the flow rate through a pipe, assuming all other factors remain constant?
A.
Flow rate doubles
B.
Flow rate halves
C.
Flow rate remains the same
D.
Flow rate quadruples
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Solution
According to Poiseuille's law, if viscosity is doubled, the flow rate will be halved, assuming other factors remain constant.
Correct Answer: B — Flow rate halves
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Q. If the Young's modulus of a material is 100 GPa and it is subjected to a tensile stress of 200 MPa, what is the strain produced?
A.
0.002
B.
0.0025
C.
0.01
D.
0.005
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Solution
Strain = Stress / Young's modulus = 200 MPa / 100 GPa = 0.002.
Correct Answer: A — 0.002
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Q. In a capillary tube, how does the viscosity of a fluid affect the height to which it rises?
A.
Higher viscosity leads to higher rise
B.
Higher viscosity leads to lower rise
C.
Viscosity has no effect
D.
It depends on the tube diameter
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Solution
Higher viscosity results in a lower height of rise in a capillary tube due to greater resistance to flow.
Correct Answer: B — Higher viscosity leads to lower rise
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Q. In a fluid at rest, the pressure at a depth h is given by which equation?
A.
P = ρgh
B.
P = ρg/h
C.
P = ρg + h
D.
P = gh/ρ
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Solution
The pressure at a depth h in a fluid is given by P = ρgh, where ρ is the fluid density and g is the acceleration due to gravity.
Correct Answer: A — P = ρgh
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Q. In a fluid flowing through a pipe, what effect does increasing the temperature have on its viscosity?
A.
Increases viscosity
B.
Decreases viscosity
C.
No effect
D.
Depends on the fluid
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Solution
Increasing the temperature generally decreases the viscosity of a fluid, making it flow more easily.
Correct Answer: B — Decreases viscosity
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Q. In a fluid flowing through a pipe, which factor does NOT affect the viscosity?
A.
Temperature
B.
Pressure
C.
Fluid density
D.
Fluid composition
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Solution
While temperature, pressure, and fluid composition affect viscosity, fluid density does not directly affect viscosity.
Correct Answer: C — Fluid density
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Q. In a material, if the strain energy density is given by U, what is the expression for the total strain energy stored in a volume V of the material?
A.
U * V
B.
U / V
C.
U + V
D.
U - V
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Solution
The total strain energy stored in a volume V is given by the product of strain energy density U and volume V, i.e., Total Energy = U * V.
Correct Answer: A — U * V
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Q. In a material, if the strain is 0.01 and the Young's modulus is 200 GPa, what is the stress in the material?
A.
2 MPa
B.
20 MPa
C.
200 MPa
D.
2000 MPa
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Solution
Stress = Young's modulus * strain = 200 GPa * 0.01 = 2 GPa = 2000 MPa.
Correct Answer: C — 200 MPa
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Q. In a shear stress-strain relationship, what does the slope of the linear portion represent?
A.
Young's modulus
B.
Shear modulus
C.
Bulk modulus
D.
Tensile strength
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Solution
The slope of the linear portion of the shear stress-strain curve represents the shear modulus of the material.
Correct Answer: B — Shear modulus
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Q. In a tensile test, if a material exhibits a linear stress-strain relationship, what type of deformation is it undergoing?
A.
Elastic deformation
B.
Plastic deformation
C.
Brittle fracture
D.
Ductile fracture
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Solution
A linear stress-strain relationship indicates that the material is undergoing elastic deformation.
Correct Answer: A — Elastic deformation
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Q. In a tensile test, if a material shows a linear relationship between stress and strain up to a certain point, this point is known as:
A.
Yield point
B.
Ultimate tensile strength
C.
Elastic limit
D.
Fracture point
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Solution
The elastic limit is the maximum stress that a material can withstand while still returning to its original shape.
Correct Answer: C — Elastic limit
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Q. In a tensile test, if a material shows a linear relationship between stress and strain, it is said to be in which region?
A.
Plastic region
B.
Elastic region
C.
Yield point
D.
Fracture point
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Solution
The linear relationship between stress and strain indicates that the material is in the elastic region.
Correct Answer: B — Elastic region
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Q. In a tensile test, if the stress-strain curve shows a linear relationship, what does this indicate about the material?
A.
It is inelastic
B.
It is elastic
C.
It has reached its yield point
D.
It will break immediately
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Solution
A linear relationship in the stress-strain curve indicates that the material behaves elastically within that range.
Correct Answer: B — It is elastic
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Q. In a viscometer, what does the time taken for a fluid to flow through a capillary tube indicate?
A.
Density of the fluid
B.
Viscosity of the fluid
C.
Temperature of the fluid
D.
Pressure of the fluid
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Solution
The time taken for a fluid to flow through a capillary tube is directly related to its viscosity.
Correct Answer: B — Viscosity of the fluid
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Q. In which of the following cases does a material exhibit plastic deformation?
A.
When the stress is below the yield point
B.
When the stress exceeds the yield point
C.
When the material is unloaded
D.
When the material is cooled
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Solution
Plastic deformation occurs when the stress exceeds the yield point.
Correct Answer: B — When the stress exceeds the yield point
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Q. In which of the following scenarios does a material exhibit elastic behavior?
A.
When it returns to its original shape after removing the load
B.
When it permanently deforms
C.
When it breaks
D.
When it undergoes plastic deformation
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Solution
A material exhibits elastic behavior when it returns to its original shape after the load is removed.
Correct Answer: A — When it returns to its original shape after removing the load
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Q. In which of the following scenarios does a material exhibit plastic deformation?
A.
When the stress is below the yield point
B.
When the stress exceeds the yield point
C.
When the material is unloaded
D.
When the material is cooled
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Solution
Plastic deformation occurs when the stress exceeds the yield point of the material.
Correct Answer: B — When the stress exceeds the yield point
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Q. In which of the following scenarios does elastic deformation occur?
A.
A rubber band being stretched
B.
A metal rod being permanently bent
C.
A glass breaking
D.
A clay being molded
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Solution
Elastic deformation occurs when the rubber band is stretched and returns to its original shape.
Correct Answer: A — A rubber band being stretched
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Q. In which of the following scenarios does viscosity increase?
A.
Heating a fluid
B.
Cooling a fluid
C.
Adding a solvent
D.
Increasing pressure
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Solution
Viscosity generally increases when a fluid is cooled.
Correct Answer: B — Cooling a fluid
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Q. In which of the following scenarios would you expect a fluid to have lower viscosity?
A.
At lower temperatures
B.
At higher temperatures
C.
Under high pressure
D.
In a narrow pipe
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Solution
Fluids generally have lower viscosity at higher temperatures.
Correct Answer: B — At higher temperatures
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Q. In which of the following scenarios would you expect a fluid to have the lowest viscosity?
A.
High temperature
B.
Low temperature
C.
High pressure
D.
Low pressure
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Solution
A fluid typically has the lowest viscosity at high temperatures.
Correct Answer: A — High temperature
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Q. In which of the following scenarios would you expect to observe a decrease in viscosity?
A.
Cooling a liquid
B.
Heating a liquid
C.
Increasing pressure
D.
Adding a solute
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Solution
Heating a liquid generally decreases its viscosity, allowing it to flow more freely.
Correct Answer: B — Heating a liquid
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Q. In which of the following scenarios would you expect to see the effects of viscosity most prominently?
A.
A river flowing rapidly
B.
Oil pouring from a bottle
C.
Air moving around a plane
D.
Water boiling
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Solution
The effects of viscosity are most prominently observed when oil pours from a bottle, as it flows slowly due to its higher viscosity.
Correct Answer: B — Oil pouring from a bottle
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Q. The phenomenon of a liquid rising in a narrow tube is called?
A.
Surface tension
B.
Capillarity
C.
Viscosity
D.
Hydrostatic pressure
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Solution
The phenomenon of a liquid rising in a narrow tube is called capillarity.
Correct Answer: B — Capillarity
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Q. The phenomenon of capillary action is primarily due to:
A.
Surface tension and cohesion
B.
Surface tension and adhesion
C.
Viscosity and density
D.
Gravity and pressure
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Solution
Capillary action occurs due to the combination of surface tension (which pulls the liquid up) and adhesion (which attracts the liquid to the walls of the tube).
Correct Answer: B — Surface tension and adhesion
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