Properties of Matter
Q. What is the effect of temperature on the surface tension of water?
A.
Increases with temperature
B.
Decreases with temperature
C.
Remains constant
D.
Varies unpredictably
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Solution
Surface tension decreases with an increase in temperature due to increased molecular motion.
Correct Answer: B — Decreases with temperature
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Q. What is the effect of temperature on the viscosity of liquids?
A.
Increases with temperature
B.
Decreases with temperature
C.
Remains constant
D.
Varies randomly
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Solution
For most liquids, viscosity decreases with an increase in temperature due to increased molecular motion.
Correct Answer: B — Decreases with temperature
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Q. What is the formula for the modulus of resilience?
A.
U = 1/2 * σ * ε
B.
U = σ * ε
C.
U = 1/2 * ε^2
D.
U = σ^2 / 2
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Solution
The modulus of resilience is given by U = 1/2 * σ * ε, where σ is the yield stress and ε is the yield strain.
Correct Answer: A — U = 1/2 * σ * ε
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Q. What is the formula for Young's modulus?
A.
Stress/Strain
B.
Strain/Stress
C.
Force/Area
D.
Area/Force
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Solution
Young's modulus (E) is defined as the ratio of stress to strain.
Correct Answer: A — Stress/Strain
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Q. What is the primary cause of capillary action in liquids?
A.
Cohesion
B.
Adhesion
C.
Viscosity
D.
Density
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Solution
Capillary action is primarily caused by adhesion, where the liquid molecules are attracted to the surface of the solid.
Correct Answer: B — Adhesion
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Q. What is the primary cause of surface tension in liquids?
A.
Cohesive forces
B.
Adhesive forces
C.
Gravitational forces
D.
Electromagnetic forces
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Solution
Surface tension is primarily caused by cohesive forces between liquid molecules, which create a 'skin' at the surface.
Correct Answer: A — Cohesive forces
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Q. What is the primary cause of the phenomenon known as capillarity?
A.
Cohesion
B.
Adhesion
C.
Viscosity
D.
Density
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Solution
Capillarity is primarily caused by adhesion, which is the attraction between the liquid molecules and the surface of the solid.
Correct Answer: B — Adhesion
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Q. What is the primary cause of the phenomenon of buoyancy?
A.
Surface tension
B.
Pressure difference
C.
Viscosity
D.
Density
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Solution
Buoyancy is caused by the pressure difference between the top and bottom of an object submerged in a fluid.
Correct Answer: B — Pressure difference
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Q. What is the primary cause of the phenomenon of capillarity?
A.
Cohesion
B.
Adhesion
C.
Viscosity
D.
Density
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Solution
Capillarity is primarily caused by adhesion, which is the attraction between the liquid molecules and the surface of the solid.
Correct Answer: B — Adhesion
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Q. What is the primary cause of viscosity in fluids?
A.
Molecular interactions
B.
Temperature
C.
Pressure
D.
Density
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Solution
Viscosity arises primarily from molecular interactions within the fluid, which resist flow.
Correct Answer: A — Molecular interactions
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Q. What is the primary factor that affects the viscosity of a gas?
A.
Temperature
B.
Pressure
C.
Density
D.
Molecular weight
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Solution
The viscosity of a gas is primarily affected by temperature; as temperature increases, viscosity also increases.
Correct Answer: A — Temperature
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Q. What is the primary factor that determines the viscosity of a fluid?
A.
Temperature
B.
Pressure
C.
Density
D.
Molecular size
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Solution
Viscosity is primarily affected by temperature; as temperature increases, viscosity generally decreases.
Correct Answer: A — Temperature
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Q. What is the primary reason for the formation of droplets of water on a leaf?
A.
Cohesion
B.
Adhesion
C.
Surface tension
D.
Gravity
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Solution
The formation of droplets is primarily due to surface tension, which minimizes the surface area of the liquid.
Correct Answer: C — Surface tension
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Q. What is the primary reason for the increase in viscosity of a liquid with molecular weight?
A.
Increased intermolecular forces
B.
Decreased temperature
C.
Increased pressure
D.
Decreased density
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Solution
Higher molecular weight leads to increased intermolecular forces, resulting in higher viscosity.
Correct Answer: A — Increased intermolecular forces
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Q. What is the primary reason for the phenomenon of capillarity?
A.
Surface tension
B.
Viscosity
C.
Density
D.
Pressure
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Solution
Capillarity is primarily caused by surface tension, which allows liquids to rise or fall in narrow spaces against gravity.
Correct Answer: A — Surface tension
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Q. What is the principle behind Archimedes' principle?
A.
Buoyant force
B.
Pressure difference
C.
Surface tension
D.
Viscosity
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Solution
Archimedes' principle states that a body submerged in a fluid experiences a buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced.
Correct Answer: A — Buoyant force
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Q. What is the relationship between pressure and depth in a fluid?
A.
Pressure increases with depth
B.
Pressure decreases with depth
C.
Pressure remains constant
D.
Pressure is independent of depth
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Solution
In a fluid at rest, pressure increases with depth due to the weight of the fluid above.
Correct Answer: A — Pressure increases with depth
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Q. What is the relationship between shear modulus (G) and Young's modulus (E)?
A.
G = E / (2(1 + ν))
B.
G = E * (2(1 + ν))
C.
G = E / (1 + ν)
D.
G = E * (1 + ν)
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Solution
The relationship is given by G = E / (2(1 + ν)), where ν is Poisson's ratio.
Correct Answer: A — G = E / (2(1 + ν))
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Q. What is the relationship between shear modulus and Young's modulus for isotropic materials?
A.
G = E/2(1 + ν)
B.
G = E(1 + ν)/2
C.
G = E/3
D.
G = 2E
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Solution
The shear modulus (G) is related to Young's modulus (E) and Poisson's ratio (ν) by the formula G = E/2(1 + ν).
Correct Answer: A — G = E/2(1 + ν)
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Q. What is the relationship between shear rate and viscosity in a Newtonian fluid?
A.
Directly proportional
B.
Inversely proportional
C.
No relationship
D.
Exponential relationship
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Solution
In a Newtonian fluid, shear stress is directly proportional to shear rate.
Correct Answer: A — Directly proportional
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Q. What is the relationship between shear stress and shear rate in a Newtonian fluid?
A.
Directly proportional
B.
Inversely proportional
C.
Exponential
D.
No relationship
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Solution
In a Newtonian fluid, shear stress is directly proportional to shear rate, which defines its viscosity.
Correct Answer: A — Directly proportional
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Q. What is the relationship between shear stress and shear strain in a material?
A.
Shear modulus
B.
Bulk modulus
C.
Young's modulus
D.
Poisson's ratio
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Solution
The relationship between shear stress and shear strain is defined by the shear modulus.
Correct Answer: A — Shear modulus
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Q. What is the relationship between stress and strain in the elastic limit of a material?
A.
Directly proportional
B.
Inversely proportional
C.
Exponential
D.
Logarithmic
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Solution
Within the elastic limit, stress is directly proportional to strain, as described by Hooke's Law.
Correct Answer: A — Directly proportional
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Q. What is the relationship between stress and strain in the elastic region of a material?
A.
Stress is directly proportional to strain
B.
Stress is inversely proportional to strain
C.
Stress is independent of strain
D.
Stress is proportional to the square of strain
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Solution
In the elastic region, stress is directly proportional to strain, as described by Hooke's Law.
Correct Answer: A — Stress is directly proportional to strain
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Q. What is the relationship between surface tension and temperature for most liquids?
A.
Directly proportional
B.
Inversely proportional
C.
No relationship
D.
Exponential
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Solution
Surface tension is inversely proportional to temperature for most liquids.
Correct Answer: B — Inversely proportional
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Q. What is the relationship between surface tension and the shape of a liquid droplet?
A.
Droplets are always flat
B.
Droplets are spherical
C.
Droplets can be any shape
D.
Droplets are cubic
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Solution
Due to surface tension, liquid droplets tend to minimize their surface area, resulting in a spherical shape.
Correct Answer: B — Droplets are spherical
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Q. What is the relationship between temperature and viscosity for most liquids?
A.
Viscosity increases with temperature
B.
Viscosity decreases with temperature
C.
Viscosity remains constant
D.
Viscosity fluctuates randomly
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Solution
For most liquids, viscosity decreases with an increase in temperature due to increased molecular motion.
Correct Answer: B — Viscosity decreases with temperature
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Q. What is the relationship between temperature and viscosity in liquids?
A.
Directly proportional
B.
Inversely proportional
C.
No relationship
D.
Exponential
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Solution
In general, the viscosity of liquids decreases with an increase in temperature, making them flow more easily.
Correct Answer: B — Inversely proportional
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Q. What is the shape of a liquid droplet on a surface due to surface tension?
A.
Flat
B.
Cylindrical
C.
Spherical
D.
Cubical
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Solution
A liquid droplet takes a spherical shape because a sphere has the minimum surface area for a given volume, minimizing the energy associated with surface tension.
Correct Answer: C — Spherical
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Q. What is the SI unit of dynamic viscosity?
A.
Pascal-second
B.
Newton-second
C.
Kilogram-meter
D.
Joule-second
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Solution
The SI unit of dynamic viscosity is Pascal-second (Pa·s).
Correct Answer: A — Pascal-second
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