Properties of Matter
Q. What is the SI unit of pressure?
A.
Pascal
B.
Newton
C.
Joule
D.
Bar
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Solution
Pressure is defined as force per unit area, and its SI unit is Pascal (Pa).
Correct Answer: A — Pascal
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Q. What is the SI unit of viscosity?
A.
Pascal-second
B.
Newton-second
C.
Kilogram-meter per second
D.
Joule-second
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Solution
The SI unit of viscosity is Pascal-second (Pa·s), which is equivalent to Newton-second per square meter.
Correct Answer: A — Pascal-second
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Q. What is the term for the ability of a fluid to flow?
A.
Fluidity
B.
Viscosity
C.
Density
D.
Pressure
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Solution
Fluidity refers to the ability of a fluid to flow easily.
Correct Answer: A — Fluidity
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Q. What is the term for the change in pressure with depth in a fluid?
A.
Hydrostatic pressure
B.
Dynamic pressure
C.
Static pressure
D.
Total pressure
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Solution
Hydrostatic pressure refers to the pressure exerted by a fluid at rest due to the weight of the fluid above it.
Correct Answer: A — Hydrostatic pressure
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Q. What is the term for the measure of a fluid's resistance to flow?
A.
Density
B.
Viscosity
C.
Pressure
D.
Temperature
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Solution
Viscosity is the measure of a fluid's resistance to flow, indicating how thick or thin the fluid is.
Correct Answer: B — Viscosity
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Q. What is the term for the resistance of a fluid to flow?
A.
Density
B.
Viscosity
C.
Pressure
D.
Temperature
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Solution
Viscosity is the term used to describe the resistance of a fluid to flow.
Correct Answer: B — Viscosity
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Q. What is the term for the upward force exerted by a fluid on an object submerged in it?
A.
Buoyancy
B.
Weight
C.
Pressure
D.
Density
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Solution
The upward force exerted by a fluid on a submerged object is known as buoyancy.
Correct Answer: A — Buoyancy
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Q. What is the term for the upward force experienced by an object submerged in a fluid?
A.
Buoyancy
B.
Weight
C.
Pressure
D.
Density
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Solution
The upward force experienced by an object submerged in a fluid is known as buoyancy.
Correct Answer: A — Buoyancy
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Q. What is the unit of surface tension in the SI system?
A.
N/m
B.
J/m²
C.
Pa
D.
kg/m³
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Solution
The unit of surface tension is Newton per meter (N/m).
Correct Answer: A — N/m
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Q. What is the unit of surface tension?
A.
N/m
B.
J/m²
C.
Pa
D.
N
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Solution
Surface tension is defined as force per unit length, hence its unit is Newton per meter (N/m).
Correct Answer: A — N/m
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Q. What is the unit of Young's modulus?
A.
N/m²
B.
Pa
C.
J/m³
D.
N/m
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Solution
Young's modulus is defined as stress divided by strain and is measured in Pascals (Pa).
Correct Answer: B — Pa
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Q. What is the viscosity of water at 20°C?
A.
0.001 Pa·s
B.
0.01 Pa·s
C.
0.1 Pa·s
D.
1 Pa·s
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Solution
The viscosity of water at 20°C is approximately 0.001 Pa·s.
Correct Answer: A — 0.001 Pa·s
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Q. What type of fluid exhibits a constant viscosity regardless of the shear rate?
A.
Newtonian fluid
B.
Non-Newtonian fluid
C.
Ideal fluid
D.
Real fluid
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Solution
Newtonian fluids have a constant viscosity that does not change with the shear rate.
Correct Answer: A — Newtonian fluid
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Q. What type of fluid has a constant viscosity regardless of the shear rate?
A.
Newtonian fluid
B.
Non-Newtonian fluid
C.
Ideal fluid
D.
Real fluid
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Solution
A Newtonian fluid has a constant viscosity that does not change with the shear rate.
Correct Answer: A — Newtonian fluid
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Q. When a surfactant is added to water, what happens to the surface tension?
A.
Increases
B.
Decreases
C.
Remains the same
D.
Becomes zero
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Solution
Adding a surfactant to water decreases the surface tension by disrupting the cohesive forces between water molecules.
Correct Answer: B — Decreases
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Q. Which equation is used to calculate the viscosity of a fluid in a capillary tube?
A.
Bernoulli's equation
B.
Poiseuille's law
C.
Navier-Stokes equation
D.
Continuity equation
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Solution
Poiseuille's law is used to calculate the viscosity of a fluid in a capillary tube.
Correct Answer: B — Poiseuille's law
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Q. Which equation is used to calculate the viscosity of a fluid in a pipe?
A.
Bernoulli's equation
B.
Poiseuille's law
C.
Continuity equation
D.
Navier-Stokes equation
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Solution
Poiseuille's law is used to calculate the viscosity of a fluid in a pipe.
Correct Answer: B — Poiseuille's law
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Q. Which equation relates the viscosity of a fluid to the flow rate in a capillary tube?
A.
Bernoulli's equation
B.
Poiseuille's law
C.
Continuity equation
D.
Ideal gas law
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Solution
Poiseuille's law describes the flow of a viscous fluid through a capillary tube and relates viscosity to flow rate.
Correct Answer: B — Poiseuille's law
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Q. Which law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature at constant pressure?
A.
Boyle's Law
B.
Charles's Law
C.
Avogadro's Law
D.
Ideal Gas Law
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Solution
Charles's Law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature at constant pressure.
Correct Answer: B — Charles's Law
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Q. Which of the following best describes the term 'elastic limit'?
A.
Maximum stress a material can withstand
B.
Point of permanent deformation
C.
Point of maximum strain
D.
Point of fracture
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Solution
The elastic limit is the maximum stress that a material can withstand without undergoing permanent deformation.
Correct Answer: A — Maximum stress a material can withstand
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Q. Which of the following best describes the term 'shear modulus'?
A.
Ratio of shear stress to shear strain
B.
Ratio of tensile stress to tensile strain
C.
Ratio of compressive stress to compressive strain
D.
Ratio of bulk stress to bulk strain
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Solution
The shear modulus is defined as the ratio of shear stress to shear strain in a material.
Correct Answer: A — Ratio of shear stress to shear strain
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Q. Which of the following describes Poisson's ratio?
A.
Lateral strain / Longitudinal strain
B.
Longitudinal strain / Lateral strain
C.
Stress / Strain
D.
Strain / Stress
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Solution
Poisson's ratio (ν) is defined as the ratio of lateral strain to longitudinal strain.
Correct Answer: A — Lateral strain / Longitudinal strain
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Q. Which of the following describes the behavior of gases?
A.
They have a definite shape
B.
They have a definite volume
C.
They expand to fill their container
D.
They are incompressible
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Solution
Gases have no definite shape or volume and will expand to fill the entire volume of their container.
Correct Answer: C — They expand to fill their container
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Q. Which of the following describes viscosity?
A.
Resistance to flow
B.
Density of a fluid
C.
Surface tension
D.
Pressure exerted by a fluid
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Solution
Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow.
Correct Answer: A — Resistance to flow
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Q. Which of the following equations is used to calculate dynamic viscosity?
A.
Bernoulli's equation
B.
Navier-Stokes equation
C.
Poiseuille's law
D.
Archimedes' principle
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Solution
Dynamic viscosity can be calculated using Poiseuille's law.
Correct Answer: C — Poiseuille's law
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Q. Which of the following equations represents the relationship between shear stress and shear rate in a Newtonian fluid?
A.
τ = μ(du/dy)
B.
τ = ρg
C.
F = ma
D.
P = F/A
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Solution
In a Newtonian fluid, shear stress (τ) is directly proportional to the shear rate (du/dy) with the proportionality constant being the dynamic viscosity (μ).
Correct Answer: A — τ = μ(du/dy)
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Q. Which of the following factors does NOT affect surface tension?
A.
Temperature
B.
Impurities
C.
Density
D.
Nature of the liquid
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Solution
Density does not directly affect surface tension; it is influenced by temperature, impurities, and the nature of the liquid.
Correct Answer: C — Density
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Q. Which of the following factors does NOT affect the buoyant force on an object submerged in a fluid?
A.
Density of the fluid
B.
Volume of the object
C.
Depth of the object
D.
Acceleration due to gravity
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Solution
The buoyant force depends on the density of the fluid, the volume of the object submerged, and the acceleration due to gravity, but not on the depth of the object.
Correct Answer: C — Depth of the object
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Q. Which of the following factors does NOT affect the buoyant force on an object?
A.
Volume of fluid displaced
B.
Density of the fluid
C.
Shape of the object
D.
Acceleration due to gravity
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Solution
The buoyant force depends on the volume of fluid displaced, the density of the fluid, and the acceleration due to gravity, but not on the shape of the object.
Correct Answer: C — Shape of the object
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Q. Which of the following factors does NOT affect the density of a fluid?
A.
Temperature
B.
Pressure
C.
Volume
D.
Composition
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Solution
While temperature, pressure, and composition affect fluid density, volume does not directly affect density.
Correct Answer: C — Volume
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