Properties of Matter
Q. Which of the following factors does NOT affect the surface tension of a liquid?
A.
Temperature
B.
Impurities
C.
Density
D.
Nature of the liquid
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Solution
While temperature, impurities, and the nature of the liquid affect surface tension, density does not directly influence it.
Correct Answer: C — Density
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Q. Which of the following factors does NOT affect the viscosity of a fluid?
A.
Temperature
B.
Pressure
C.
Density
D.
Flow rate
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Solution
Flow rate does not affect the viscosity of a fluid; viscosity is a property of the fluid itself.
Correct Answer: D — Flow rate
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Q. Which of the following fluids has the highest viscosity?
A.
Water
B.
Honey
C.
Air
D.
Olive oil
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Solution
Honey has a higher viscosity compared to water, air, and olive oil due to its thicker consistency.
Correct Answer: B — Honey
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Q. Which of the following fluids is likely to have the highest viscosity?
A.
Water
B.
Honey
C.
Air
D.
Gasoline
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Solution
Honey has a much higher viscosity compared to water, air, and gasoline.
Correct Answer: B — Honey
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Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of a Newtonian fluid?
A.
Viscosity changes with shear rate
B.
Viscosity remains constant
C.
Non-linear stress-strain relationship
D.
High compressibility
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Solution
A Newtonian fluid has a constant viscosity regardless of the shear rate applied.
Correct Answer: B — Viscosity remains constant
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Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of a non-Newtonian fluid?
A.
Constant viscosity
B.
Viscosity changes with shear rate
C.
Incompressible
D.
Always flows in a straight line
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Solution
Non-Newtonian fluids exhibit a change in viscosity with varying shear rates, unlike Newtonian fluids which have a constant viscosity.
Correct Answer: B — Viscosity changes with shear rate
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Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of an ideal fluid?
A.
Incompressible
B.
Viscous
C.
Non-conductive
D.
Reactive
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Solution
An ideal fluid is defined as incompressible and having no viscosity.
Correct Answer: A — Incompressible
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Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of gases?
A.
Definite shape
B.
Definite volume
C.
Compressibility
D.
Incompressibility
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Solution
Gases are highly compressible, meaning their volume can change significantly under pressure.
Correct Answer: C — Compressibility
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Q. Which of the following is a non-Newtonian fluid?
A.
Water
B.
Glycerin
C.
Cornstarch in water
D.
Mercury
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Solution
Cornstarch in water exhibits non-Newtonian behavior, as its viscosity changes with the applied shear stress.
Correct Answer: C — Cornstarch in water
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Q. Which of the following is a property of a Newtonian fluid?
A.
Viscosity changes with shear rate
B.
Constant viscosity regardless of shear rate
C.
Non-linear flow behavior
D.
High compressibility
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Solution
A Newtonian fluid has a constant viscosity regardless of the shear rate.
Correct Answer: B — Constant viscosity regardless of shear rate
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Q. Which of the following is a property of fluids?
A.
Incompressibility
B.
Elasticity
C.
Brittleness
D.
Ductility
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Solution
Fluids are often considered incompressible for practical purposes, especially in hydrodynamics.
Correct Answer: A — Incompressibility
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Q. Which of the following is an example of a non-Newtonian fluid?
A.
Water
B.
Air
C.
Cornstarch in water
D.
Glycerin
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Solution
Cornstarch in water (oobleck) is a non-Newtonian fluid that exhibits varying viscosity depending on the shear rate.
Correct Answer: C — Cornstarch in water
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Q. Which of the following is NOT a type of elastic deformation?
A.
Tensile deformation
B.
Compressive deformation
C.
Shear deformation
D.
Plastic deformation
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Solution
Plastic deformation is not elastic; it is permanent deformation that occurs beyond the elastic limit.
Correct Answer: D — Plastic deformation
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Q. Which of the following is NOT a type of modulus of elasticity?
A.
Young's modulus
B.
Shear modulus
C.
Bulk modulus
D.
Tensile modulus
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Solution
Tensile modulus is not a standard term; the correct terms are Young's modulus, shear modulus, and bulk modulus.
Correct Answer: D — Tensile modulus
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Q. Which of the following is NOT a type of stress?
A.
Tensile stress
B.
Compressive stress
C.
Shear stress
D.
Thermal stress
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Solution
Thermal stress is a result of temperature changes, while tensile, compressive, and shear stresses are types of mechanical stress.
Correct Answer: D — Thermal stress
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Q. Which of the following is true about elastic potential energy stored in a stretched wire?
A.
It is proportional to the square of the elongation
B.
It is proportional to the elongation
C.
It is independent of the elongation
D.
It is inversely proportional to the elongation
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Solution
The elastic potential energy stored in a stretched wire is given by U = (1/2) * Y * (ΔL^2 / L), which is proportional to the square of the elongation.
Correct Answer: A — It is proportional to the square of the elongation
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Q. Which of the following liquids has the highest surface tension at room temperature?
A.
Water
B.
Ethanol
C.
Mercury
D.
Benzene
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Solution
Mercury has a very high surface tension due to strong cohesive forces between its molecules, higher than that of water, ethanol, and benzene.
Correct Answer: C — Mercury
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Q. Which of the following materials has the highest Young's modulus?
A.
Rubber
B.
Steel
C.
Wood
D.
Plastic
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Solution
Steel has a much higher Young's modulus compared to rubber, wood, and plastic, indicating it is much stiffer.
Correct Answer: B — Steel
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Q. Which of the following materials is most likely to exhibit elastic behavior?
A.
Rubber
B.
Glass
C.
Steel
D.
Plastic
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Solution
Steel is known for its elastic properties, allowing it to return to its original shape after deformation.
Correct Answer: C — Steel
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Q. Which of the following materials typically has the highest Young's modulus?
A.
Rubber
B.
Steel
C.
Wood
D.
Plastic
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Solution
Steel typically has a much higher Young's modulus compared to rubber, wood, and plastic.
Correct Answer: B — Steel
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Q. Which of the following materials would have the highest Young's modulus?
A.
Rubber
B.
Steel
C.
Wood
D.
Plastic
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Solution
Steel has a much higher Young's modulus compared to rubber, wood, and plastic, indicating it is much stiffer.
Correct Answer: B — Steel
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Q. Which of the following phenomena is an example of surface tension?
A.
Water droplets on a leaf
B.
Air bubbles in water
C.
Oil mixing with water
D.
Salt dissolving in water
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Solution
Water droplets on a leaf demonstrate surface tension, as the cohesive forces between water molecules create a 'skin' on the surface.
Correct Answer: A — Water droplets on a leaf
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Q. Which of the following phenomena is explained by the concept of surface tension?
A.
Capillary action
B.
Viscosity
C.
Buoyancy
D.
Elasticity
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Solution
Surface tension is responsible for capillary action, allowing liquids to rise in narrow tubes.
Correct Answer: A — Capillary action
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Q. Which of the following phenomena is explained by the concept of viscosity?
A.
Capillary action
B.
Buoyancy
C.
Fluid flow resistance
D.
Surface tension
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Solution
Viscosity describes the resistance of a fluid to flow, which is a key factor in fluid flow resistance.
Correct Answer: C — Fluid flow resistance
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Q. Which of the following phenomena is NOT a consequence of surface tension?
A.
Formation of droplets
B.
Capillary action
C.
Floating of heavy objects
D.
Shape of bubbles
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Solution
Floating of heavy objects is not a consequence of surface tension; it is due to buoyancy, while the other options are directly related to surface tension.
Correct Answer: C — Floating of heavy objects
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Q. Which of the following phenomena is NOT related to surface tension?
A.
Capillary action
B.
Formation of droplets
C.
Floating of heavy objects
D.
Meniscus formation
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Solution
Floating of heavy objects is not related to surface tension; it is related to buoyancy. The other phenomena are directly influenced by surface tension.
Correct Answer: C — Floating of heavy objects
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Q. Which of the following phenomena is primarily due to surface tension?
A.
Capillary action
B.
Viscosity
C.
Diffusion
D.
Convection
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Solution
Capillary action is primarily due to surface tension, as it allows liquids to rise in narrow tubes against gravity.
Correct Answer: A — Capillary action
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Q. Which of the following statements about buoyancy is true?
A.
Buoyant force acts downward
B.
Buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced
C.
Buoyant force depends on the shape of the object
D.
Buoyant force is always equal to the weight of the object
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Solution
The buoyant force acting on an object submerged in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
Correct Answer: B — Buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced
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Q. Which of the following statements about elastic potential energy stored in a stretched wire is true?
A.
It is proportional to the square of the extension
B.
It is proportional to the extension
C.
It is independent of the material
D.
It is always constant
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Solution
The elastic potential energy stored in a stretched wire is given by U = (1/2) * F * x, which is proportional to the square of the extension.
Correct Answer: A — It is proportional to the square of the extension
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Q. Which of the following statements about solids is true?
A.
They have a definite shape and volume
B.
They flow easily
C.
They have low density
D.
They are incompressible
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Solution
Solids have a definite shape and volume due to the closely packed arrangement of their particles.
Correct Answer: A — They have a definite shape and volume
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