Mass is a fundamental quantity in the SI system.

Bt cotton is a genetically modified crop that has been engineered to express a bacterial protein that is toxic to certain pests.

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that contributes to the greenhouse effect and global warming.

The Modern Synthesis integrates natural selection with Mendelian genetics, providing a comprehensive explanation of evolution.

Neodymium (Nd) is a member of the lanthanide series.

Cholesterol is a type of lipid that is important for cell membrane structure.

Nitrogen is a macronutrient that is essential for the synthesis of amino acids and nucleic acids in plants.

Plastic waste is a significant contributor to water pollution, affecting aquatic life and ecosystems.

Urbanization is a major threat to biodiversity as it leads to habitat loss and fragmentation.

Gene flow is the mechanism of evolution that involves the transfer of genetic material between populations through migration.

Electroporation is a method used to introduce DNA into host cells by applying an electrical field to increase the permeability of the cell membrane.

Electroporation is a method used to introduce foreign DNA into host cells by applying an electrical field to increase the permeability of the cell membrane.

Aldehydes can be prepared by the oxidation of primary alcohols.

Ion pumps are a form of active transport that move ions against their concentration gradient using energy.

Bioremediation involves using microorganisms, such as bacteria, to degrade environmental contaminants like oil spills.

Organisms can be classified using morphological, physiological, and genetic methods.

Abstinence is a method of contraception that involves refraining from sexual activity to prevent pregnancy.

All of the mentioned methods are effective in controlling microbial growth in food.

Wildlife sanctuaries are a method of in-situ conservation as they protect species in their natural habitats.

Vaccination is a key method for preventing the spread of infectious diseases by building immunity.

Composting utilizes microbes to decompose organic waste into nutrient-rich compost.

Bioremediation is the process of using microbes to clean up contaminated environments.

Cutting is a method of vegetative propagation where a part of the plant is cut and planted to grow a new plant.

Both cohesion (water molecules sticking to each other) and adhesion (water molecules sticking to other surfaces) are important for water transport in plants.

Increasing energy efficiency helps to reduce carbon emissions and thus lowers the carbon footprint.

Micropropagation is a method used for cloning plants by growing them from small tissue samples in a controlled environment.

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is a method used for amplifying DNA, which is essential in gene cloning.

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is a widely used method for transferring genes into plant cells, making it a key technique in plant biotechnology.

Insulin is produced using fermentation processes involving genetically modified bacteria that can synthesize insulin.

A bract is a modified leaf that can be found at the base of a flower or inflorescence.