Carboxylic acids have higher boiling points than alcohols due to stronger hydrogen bonding.

Primary amines have higher boiling points due to stronger hydrogen bonding compared to secondary and tertiary amines.

The bond angle in methane (CH4) is approximately 109.5 degrees due to its tetrahedral geometry.

The standard cell potential of a Daniell cell is 1.10 V.

Using the Nernst equation, E = E° - (RT/nF)lnQ, we find E ≈ 1.0 V.

For an isothermal process, the change in internal energy ΔU = 0 for an ideal gas.

For an isothermal process, the change in internal energy (ΔU) for an ideal gas is zero, as ΔU depends only on temperature.

In an isothermal process for an ideal gas, the internal energy remains constant, hence the change in internal energy is zero.

At constant volume, the change in internal energy (ΔU) is equal to the heat added (Q). Therefore, ΔU = Q.

The chemical formula for sodium chloride is NaCl.

Table salt is chemically known as sodium chloride, which has the formula NaCl.

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ is typically blue due to the d-d transitions of the copper ion in an octahedral field.

Alkaline earth metals commonly exhibit a +2 oxidation state.

Group 1 elements commonly exhibit an oxidation state of +1.

In ammonia (NH3), nitrogen has an oxidation state of -3.

Moles of NaCl = 58.5 g / 58.5 g/mol = 1 mole. Molarity = 1 mole / 1 L = 1 M.

Moles of NaOH = 5 g / 40 g/mol = 0.125 mol. Molarity = 0.125 mol / 0.25 L = 0.5 M.

Concentration of H+ = 10^(-pH) = 10^(-3) = 0.001 M.

[H+] = 10^(-pH) = 10^(-4) = 0.0001 M.

In the complex ion [Co(NH3)6]Cl3, the central metal ion Co is surrounded by 6 ammonia (NH3) ligands, which gives it a coordination number of 6.

In the complex [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2, cobalt is surrounded by five ammonia ligands and one chloride ligand, giving it a coordination number of 6.

The coordination number is determined by the number of ligands attached to the central metal ion. Here, Co is surrounded by 6 NH3 ligands.

According to Boyle's Law, increasing pressure on a gas at constant temperature results in a decrease in volume.

Chemisorption is an exothermic process, and increasing temperature generally decreases the extent of chemisorption.

According to Charles's Law, increasing the temperature of a gas at constant pressure increases its volume.

For most solid solutes, increasing the temperature increases their solubility in water.

Chemisorption typically decreases with an increase in temperature because it involves the formation of stronger chemical bonds, which are less favorable at higher thermal energies.

According to the Nernst equation, the cell potential generally increases with temperature.

The efficiency (η) of a Carnot engine is given by η = 1 - (T2 / T1), where T1 is the higher temperature and T2 is the lower temperature.

Chromium (Cr) has the electron configuration [Ar] 3d5 4s1 due to stability of half-filled d-orbitals.