The d-subshell has 5 orbitals.

The p subshell has 3 orbitals (px, py, pz).

The d subshell can hold a maximum of 10 electrons.

The f-subshell can hold a maximum of 14 electrons.

The maximum number of electrons in a shell is given by the formula 2n². For n=3, it is 2(3)² = 18.

The maximum number of electrons in a shell is given by the formula 2n². For n=3, it is 2(3)² = 18.

Sodium has an atomic number of 11, and its outermost electron is in the 3rd shell, so n=3.

Sodium has the electronic configuration of 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹, so the principal quantum number for the outermost electrons is 3.

The s orbital has a spherical shape.

The azimuthal quantum number l for d orbitals is 2.

The azimuthal quantum number (l) for a p-orbital is 1.

Magnesium has the electronic configuration [Ne]3s².

Lithium (Li) has the highest ionization energy among the given options.

The mass of an electron is significantly less than that of protons and neutrons.

The electron has the least mass compared to protons and neutrons.

The azimuthal quantum number (l) describes the shape of an orbital.

The magnetic quantum number describes the orientation of an orbital.