Solutions
Q. How many grams of KCl are needed to prepare 250 mL of a 0.5 M solution? (2023) 2023
A.
7.45 g
B.
12.5 g
C.
9.25 g
D.
5.25 g
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Solution
Molar mass of KCl = 74.55 g/mol. Grams = Molarity * Volume (L) * Molar mass = 0.5 M * 0.25 L * 74.55 g/mol = 9.31 g.
Correct Answer: A — 7.45 g
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Q. How many grams of KCl are needed to prepare 250 mL of a 2 M solution? (2023)
A.
37.25 g
B.
50 g
C.
75 g
D.
25 g
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Solution
Molar mass of KCl = 74.55 g/mol. Grams = moles × molar mass = 0.5 moles × 74.55 g/mol = 37.25 g.
Correct Answer: A — 37.25 g
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Q. How many grams of KCl are needed to prepare 250 mL of a 2 M solution? (Molar mass of KCl = 74.5 g/mol) (2023)
A.
37.25 g
B.
74.5 g
C.
18.625 g
D.
9.25 g
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Solution
Grams = moles × molar mass = (2 moles/L × 0.25 L) × 74.5 g/mol = 37.25 g.
Correct Answer: A — 37.25 g
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Q. How many liters of a 0.5 M NaOH solution are needed to obtain 1 mole of NaOH? (2023)
A.
1 L
B.
2 L
C.
0.5 L
D.
0.25 L
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Solution
Volume = moles / molarity = 1 mole / 0.5 M = 2 L.
Correct Answer: A — 1 L
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Q. How many liters of a 0.5 M solution contain 2 moles of solute? (2023)
A.
2 L
B.
4 L
C.
1 L
D.
0.5 L
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Solution
Volume = moles / molarity = 2 moles / 0.5 M = 4 L
Correct Answer: B — 4 L
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Q. How many liters of a 3 M solution can be made from 6 moles of solute? (2023)
A.
1 L
B.
2 L
C.
3 L
D.
4 L
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Solution
Volume = moles / molarity = 6 moles / 3 M = 2 L.
Correct Answer: B — 2 L
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Q. How many moles of solute are present in 500 mL of a 0.2 M solution? (2021) 2021
A.
0.1 moles
B.
0.5 moles
C.
0.2 moles
D.
0.25 moles
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Solution
Moles = Molarity * Volume (L) = 0.2 M * 0.5 L = 0.1 moles.
Correct Answer: A — 0.1 moles
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Q. If 10 g of sugar (C12H22O11) is dissolved in 200 g of water, what is the mass percent of sugar in the solution? (Molar mass of sugar = 342 g/mol) (2023)
A.
4.76%
B.
5.00%
C.
10.00%
D.
2.50%
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Solution
Mass percent = (mass of solute / total mass of solution) x 100. Total mass = 10 g + 200 g = 210 g. Mass percent = (10 g / 210 g) x 100 = 4.76%.
Correct Answer: A — 4.76%
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Q. If 10 grams of NaCl is dissolved in 500 mL of water, what is the concentration in g/L? (2020)
A.
20 g/L
B.
10 g/L
C.
5 g/L
D.
15 g/L
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Solution
Concentration = (10 g / 0.5 L) = 20 g/L.
Correct Answer: A — 20 g/L
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Q. If 10 grams of NaCl is dissolved in 500 mL of water, what is the mass/volume percent concentration? (2020) 2020
A.
2%
B.
5%
C.
10%
D.
20%
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Solution
Mass/volume % = (mass of solute / volume of solution) * 100 = (10 g / 500 mL) * 100 = 2%.
Correct Answer: B — 5%
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Q. If 15 g of sugar is dissolved in 300 mL of water, what is the concentration in g/mL? (2020)
A.
0.05 g/mL
B.
0.1 g/mL
C.
0.15 g/mL
D.
0.2 g/mL
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Solution
Concentration = mass / volume = 15 g / 300 mL = 0.05 g/mL.
Correct Answer: B — 0.1 g/mL
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Q. If 20 grams of glucose (C6H12O6) is dissolved in 1 liter of water, what is the molarity of the solution? (Molar mass of glucose = 180 g/mol) (2020) 2020
A.
0.11 M
B.
0.5 M
C.
0.2 M
D.
0.33 M
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Solution
Moles of glucose = 20 g / 180 g/mol = 0.111 M. Molarity = 0.111 moles / 1 L = 0.11 M.
Correct Answer: A — 0.11 M
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Q. If 3 moles of glucose are dissolved in 1 liter of solution, what is the molality of the solution? (2023)
A.
3 m
B.
1 m
C.
2 m
D.
0.5 m
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Solution
Molality (m) = moles of solute / kg of solvent; assuming 1 L of water = 1 kg, m = 3 moles / 1 kg = 3 m
Correct Answer: A — 3 m
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Q. If 50 mL of a 3 M solution is diluted to 200 mL, what is the new molarity? (2020)
A.
0.75 M
B.
1.5 M
C.
2 M
D.
3 M
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Solution
Using M1V1 = M2V2, (3 M)(50 mL) = M2(200 mL) => M2 = (3 M × 50 mL) / 200 mL = 0.75 M.
Correct Answer: A — 0.75 M
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Q. What is the concentration in mol/L of a solution made by dissolving 58.5 grams of NaCl in 1 liter of water? (Molar mass of NaCl = 58.5 g/mol) (2023) 2023
A.
1 M
B.
0.5 M
C.
2 M
D.
0.25 M
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Solution
Moles of NaCl = 58.5 g / 58.5 g/mol = 1 mole. Molarity = 1 mole / 1 L = 1 M.
Correct Answer: A — 1 M
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Q. What is the effect of increasing the temperature on the solubility of most solid solutes in water? (2023)
A.
Increases solubility
B.
Decreases solubility
C.
No effect
D.
Depends on the solute
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Solution
For most solid solutes, increasing the temperature increases their solubility in water.
Correct Answer: A — Increases solubility
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Q. What is the final volume when 100 mL of a 3 M solution is diluted to a concentration of 1 M? (2022) 2022
A.
300 mL
B.
200 mL
C.
100 mL
D.
150 mL
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Solution
Using the dilution formula C1V1 = C2V2, we have 3 M * 100 mL = 1 M * V2. Thus, V2 = 300 mL.
Correct Answer: A — 300 mL
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Q. What is the freezing point depression of a solution containing 1 mol of NaCl in 1 kg of water? (Kf for water = 1.86 °C kg/mol) (2023)
A.
1.86 °C
B.
3.72 °C
C.
2.00 °C
D.
0.93 °C
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Solution
Freezing point depression (ΔTf) = i * Kf * m. For NaCl, i = 2 (dissociates into Na+ and Cl-). m = 1 mol/kg. ΔTf = 2 * 1.86 °C kg/mol * 1 = 3.72 °C.
Correct Answer: B — 3.72 °C
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Q. What is the mass of NaOH required to prepare 0.5 L of a 1 M solution? (2023)
A.
20 g
B.
40 g
C.
10 g
D.
30 g
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Solution
Molar mass of NaOH = 40 g/mol; grams = moles × molar mass = (1 mole/L × 0.5 L) × 40 g/mol = 20 g
Correct Answer: B — 40 g
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Q. What is the mass of solute in grams in a 3 M solution of NaCl in 1 L of solution? (2023)
A.
58.44 g
B.
174.32 g
C.
29.22 g
D.
87.16 g
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Solution
Molar mass of NaCl = 58.44 g/mol; mass = moles × molar mass = 3 moles × 58.44 g/mol = 175.32 g
Correct Answer: B — 174.32 g
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Q. What is the mass of solute in grams required to make 1 L of a 0.1 M solution of NaCl? (Molar mass of NaCl = 58.5 g/mol) (2021)
A.
5.85 g
B.
10 g
C.
1 g
D.
2 g
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Solution
Mass = moles × molar mass = (0.1 moles/L × 1 L) × 58.5 g/mol = 5.85 g.
Correct Answer: A — 5.85 g
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Q. What is the mass of solute in grams required to make 1 L of a 0.5 M NaOH solution? (2021)
A.
20 g
B.
40 g
C.
10 g
D.
30 g
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Solution
Molar mass of NaOH = 40 g/mol. Mass = moles × molar mass = 0.5 moles × 40 g/mol = 20 g.
Correct Answer: B — 40 g
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Q. What is the molality of a solution made by dissolving 10 moles of solute in 5 kg of solvent? (2022)
A.
2 m
B.
1 m
C.
0.5 m
D.
3 m
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Solution
Molality (m) = moles of solute / kg of solvent = 10 moles / 5 kg = 2 m.
Correct Answer: A — 2 m
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Q. What is the molarity of a solution containing 5 moles of solute in 2 liters of solution? (2021) 2021
A.
2.5 M
B.
5 M
C.
10 M
D.
1 M
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Solution
Molarity (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution = 5 moles / 2 L = 2.5 M.
Correct Answer: A — 2.5 M
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Q. What is the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 5 grams of NaCl in enough water to make 250 mL of solution? (Molar mass of NaCl = 58.5 g/mol) (2023)
A.
0.34 M
B.
0.42 M
C.
0.25 M
D.
0.50 M
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Solution
Molarity (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution. Moles of NaCl = 5 g / 58.5 g/mol = 0.0855 moles. Volume of solution = 250 mL = 0.250 L. M = 0.0855 moles / 0.250 L = 0.342 M, approximately 0.34 M.
Correct Answer: A — 0.34 M
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Q. What is the normality of a solution containing 3 moles of H2SO4 in 1 liter of solution? (2022) 2022
A.
3 N
B.
6 N
C.
1.5 N
D.
0.5 N
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Solution
Normality (N) = n * molarity, where n = number of equivalents. For H2SO4, n = 2. Thus, N = 2 * 3 M = 6 N.
Correct Answer: B — 6 N
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Q. What is the percentage by mass of a solution containing 15 grams of solute in 85 grams of solvent? (2021)
A.
15%
B.
17.65%
C.
20%
D.
25%
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Solution
Percentage by mass = (mass of solute / total mass) × 100 = (15 g / (15 g + 85 g)) × 100 = 17.65%.
Correct Answer: B — 17.65%
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Q. What is the percentage concentration of a solution containing 15 g of solute in 150 g of solution? (2023)
A.
10%
B.
15%
C.
20%
D.
25%
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Solution
Percentage concentration = (mass of solute / mass of solution) × 100 = (15 g / 150 g) × 100 = 10%
Correct Answer: B — 15%
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Q. What is the percentage concentration of a solution containing 20 g of solute in 200 g of solution? (2021)
A.
10%
B.
20%
C.
5%
D.
15%
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Solution
Percentage concentration = (mass of solute / mass of solution) × 100 = (20 g / 200 g) × 100 = 10%.
Correct Answer: A — 10%
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Q. What is the term for a solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature? (2022)
A.
Unsaturated solution
B.
Saturated solution
C.
Supersaturated solution
D.
Concentrated solution
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Solution
A saturated solution is one that contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a specific temperature.
Correct Answer: B — Saturated solution
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