Q. Which of the following conditions will lead to a negative ΔG?
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A.
High temperature and low ΔH
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B.
Low temperature and high ΔH
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C.
High temperature and high ΔS
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D.
Low temperature and low ΔS
Solution
A high temperature and high ΔS will favor a negative ΔG, making the process spontaneous.
Correct Answer: C — High temperature and high ΔS
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Q. Which of the following conditions will lead to a positive ΔG?
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A.
High temperature and low entropy.
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B.
Low temperature and high enthalpy.
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C.
High temperature and high entropy.
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D.
Low temperature and low enthalpy.
Solution
A positive ΔG can occur at low temperatures when the enthalpy is high, making the reaction non-spontaneous.
Correct Answer: B — Low temperature and high enthalpy.
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Q. Which of the following conditions will lead to a spontaneous reaction?
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A.
ΔH > 0 and ΔS < 0
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B.
ΔH < 0 and ΔS > 0
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C.
ΔH > 0 and ΔS > 0
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D.
ΔH < 0 and ΔS < 0
Solution
A spontaneous reaction occurs when ΔG < 0. This is true for ΔH < 0 and ΔS > 0, as it leads to a negative ΔG.
Correct Answer: B — ΔH < 0 and ΔS > 0
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Q. Which of the following configurations is incorrect?
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A.
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
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B.
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
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C.
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1
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D.
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5
Solution
The configuration 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 is incorrect as it exceeds the maximum number of electrons in the 3rd shell.
Correct Answer: B — 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
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Q. Which of the following configurations represents a noble gas?
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A.
1s2 2s2 2p6
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B.
1s2 2s2 2p5
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C.
1s2 2s2 2p4
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D.
1s2 2s2 2p3
Solution
The configuration 1s2 2s2 2p6 corresponds to Neon, a noble gas.
Correct Answer: A — 1s2 2s2 2p6
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Q. Which of the following configurations represents a transition metal?
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A.
[Ar] 4s2 3d10
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B.
[Ne] 3s2 3p6
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C.
[Kr] 5s2 4d5
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D.
[Xe] 6s2
Solution
The configuration [Kr] 5s2 4d5 represents Molybdenum (Mo), a transition metal.
Correct Answer: C — [Kr] 5s2 4d5
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Q. Which of the following diatomic molecules has a bond order of 1?
Solution
H2 has a bond order of 1, calculated as (2 bonding electrons - 0 antibonding electrons)/2 = 1.
Correct Answer: C — H2
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Q. Which of the following diatomic molecules has the highest bond order?
Solution
N2 has the highest bond order of 3, while O2 has a bond order of 2 and F2 has a bond order of 1.
Correct Answer: A — N2
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Q. Which of the following elements can act as a reducing agent?
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A.
Cl2
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B.
H2O
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C.
Na
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D.
O2
Solution
Sodium (Na) can act as a reducing agent as it can donate electrons.
Correct Answer: C — Na
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Q. Which of the following elements can form a coordinate bond?
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A.
Oxygen
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B.
Nitrogen
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C.
Carbon
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D.
All of the above
Solution
All of the listed elements can form coordinate bonds by donating a lone pair of electrons.
Correct Answer: D — All of the above
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Q. Which of the following elements can form multiple bonds?
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A.
Sodium
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B.
Carbon
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C.
Bromine
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D.
Neon
Solution
Carbon can form multiple bonds (double and triple bonds) due to its ability to hybridize and share electrons.
Correct Answer: B — Carbon
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Q. Which of the following elements has a half-filled p subshell?
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A.
Boron
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B.
Carbon
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C.
Nitrogen
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D.
Oxygen
Solution
Nitrogen has the electronic configuration 1s2 2s2 2p3, which means it has a half-filled p subshell.
Correct Answer: C — Nitrogen
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Q. Which of the following elements has an incomplete d subshell?
Solution
Chromium (Cr) has an electronic configuration of [Ar] 4s1 3d5, which means it has an incomplete d subshell.
Correct Answer: D — Cr
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Q. Which of the following elements has the electronic configuration 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2?
Solution
Calcium (Ca) has an atomic number of 20, and its electronic configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2.
Correct Answer: A — Ca
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Q. Which of the following elements has the electronic configuration ending in 4p5?
Solution
Bromine (Br) has the electronic configuration ending in 4p5, corresponding to atomic number 35.
Correct Answer: A — Br
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Q. Which of the following elements has the electronic configuration [Kr] 5s2 4d10 5p5?
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A.
Iodine
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B.
Bromine
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C.
Astatine
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D.
Tellurium
Solution
The element with the configuration [Kr] 5s2 4d10 5p5 is Astatine (At), which has atomic number 85.
Correct Answer: C — Astatine
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Q. Which of the following elements has the electronic configuration [Kr] 5s2?
Solution
Strontium (Sr) has 38 electrons, and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 5s2.
Correct Answer: A — Sr
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Q. Which of the following elements has the electronic configuration [Ne] 3s2 3p1?
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A.
Aluminum
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B.
Silicon
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C.
Phosphorus
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D.
Magnesium
Solution
The electronic configuration [Ne] 3s2 3p1 corresponds to Aluminum.
Correct Answer: A — Aluminum
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Q. Which of the following elements has the electronic configuration [Ne] 3s2?
Solution
Magnesium (Mg) has 12 electrons, and its electronic configuration is [Ne] 3s2.
Correct Answer: A — Mg
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Q. Which of the following elements has the electronic configuration [Ne]3s²3p⁵?
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A.
Chlorine
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B.
Bromine
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C.
Fluorine
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D.
Iodine
Solution
The electronic configuration [Ne]3s²3p⁵ corresponds to Bromine.
Correct Answer: B — Bromine
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Q. Which of the following elements has the electronic configuration [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d10?
Solution
Mercury (Hg) has an atomic number of 80, and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d10.
Correct Answer: B — Hg
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Q. Which of the following elements has the electronic configuration [Xe] 6s2?
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A.
Radon
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B.
Barium
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C.
Lead
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D.
Polonium
Solution
The element with the configuration [Xe] 6s2 is Barium.
Correct Answer: B — Barium
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Q. Which of the following elements has the highest electronegativity based on its electronic configuration?
Solution
Chlorine (Cl) has the highest electronegativity and its configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5.
Correct Answer: B — Cl
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Q. Which of the following elements has the highest energy level in its electronic configuration?
Solution
Potassium (K) has the highest energy level with the configuration [Ar] 4s1.
Correct Answer: B — K
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Q. Which of the following elements has the highest ionization energy?
Solution
Lithium (Li) has the highest ionization energy among the given alkali metals due to its smaller atomic size.
Correct Answer: A — Li
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Q. Which of the following elements is likely to have a half-filled p subshell?
Solution
Nitrogen (N) has the configuration 1s2 2s2 2p3, which has a half-filled p subshell.
Correct Answer: A — N
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Q. Which of the following equations relates Gibbs Free Energy to enthalpy and entropy?
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A.
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
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B.
ΔG = TΔS - ΔH
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C.
ΔG = ΔH + TΔS
-
D.
ΔG = ΔH / T + ΔS
Solution
The correct relation is ΔG = ΔH - TΔS.
Correct Answer: A — ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
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Q. Which of the following equations represents the ideal gas law?
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A.
PV = nRT
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B.
PV = nR
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C.
PV = RT
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D.
P = nRT/V
Solution
The ideal gas law is represented by the equation PV = nRT.
Correct Answer: A — PV = nRT
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Q. Which of the following expressions correctly relates ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS?
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A.
ΔG = ΔH + TΔS
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B.
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
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C.
ΔG = TΔS - ΔH
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D.
ΔG = ΔH + ΔS
Solution
The correct relation is ΔG = ΔH - TΔS.
Correct Answer: B — ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
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Q. Which of the following factors does NOT affect Gibbs Free Energy?
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A.
Temperature
-
B.
Pressure
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C.
Concentration of reactants
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D.
Nature of the solvent
Solution
The nature of the solvent does not directly affect Gibbs Free Energy; it is primarily influenced by temperature, pressure, and concentration.
Correct Answer: D — Nature of the solvent
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