The loop of Henle plays a crucial role in the reabsorption of water and salts, helping to concentrate urine.

The lymphatic system is responsible for transporting lymph, which contains immune cells, and helps in the removal of waste products from tissues.

The M checkpoint ensures that all chromosomes are properly aligned at the metaphase plate before the cell proceeds to anaphase.

The ovary is the part of the flower that contains ovules, which develop into seeds after fertilization.

The ovary's primary role in the female reproductive system is the production of eggs (ova) which are necessary for reproduction.

The pancreas produces digestive enzymes that help in the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

The plasma membrane regulates the transport of substances in and out of the cell.

The spleen plays a crucial role in filtering blood and removing old or damaged red blood cells.

The stigma is the part of the pistil that receives pollen during fertilization.

The synapse is the junction between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released to facilitate communication.

The synaptic cleft is the gap between two neurons that allows neurotransmitters to transmit signals.

Synovial fluid serves multiple functions including lubrication, nutrient supply, and shock absorption in joints.

Vaccines are used to prevent diseases by stimulating the immune system.

Yeast ferments sugars to produce carbon dioxide, which helps the dough rise in baking.

The scientific name of the domestic cat is Felis catus, following the binomial nomenclature system.

Biology is the scientific study of living organisms.

Biodiversity hotspots are significant because they are regions with a high number of endemic species and are under threat from human activities.

Biopesticides are derived from natural materials and are considered safer for the environment compared to chemical pesticides.

Bioremediation is significant in biotechnology as it involves the use of microorganisms to clean up contaminated environments, thus aiding in waste management.

Bt cotton is genetically modified to produce a toxin that is harmful to specific pests, reducing the need for chemical insecticides.

Prenatal care is crucial for monitoring the health of both the mother and the developing fetus, ensuring a healthy pregnancy.

The 'Golden Gate' cloning method allows for the simultaneous insertion of multiple DNA fragments using a single restriction enzyme, making it efficient for constructing complex plasmids.

Sticky ends are overhanging sequences produced by restriction enzymes that facilitate the ligation of DNA fragments by allowing complementary base pairing.

The electron transport chain is significant in respiration as it generates ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

The fossil record is significant because it provides a chronological order of species appearance, helping to trace the evolutionary history of life on Earth.

The G2 phase is crucial for preparing the cell for mitosis, ensuring all DNA is replicated and the cell is ready to divide.

The Human Genome Project has provided valuable information about the human genome, aiding in the understanding and treatment of genetic diseases.

The Human Genome Project aimed to map all human genes, providing insights into genetics and disease.

The light-independent reactions, or Calvin cycle, are significant for fixing carbon dioxide into organic molecules.

The light-independent reactions, also known as the Calvin cycle, fix carbon dioxide into organic molecules.