The moment of inertia of a thin circular ring about an axis through its center and perpendicular to its plane is I = MR^2.

The magnetic field inside a toroid is given by B = μ₀NI/2πR.

For r > R, the electric field behaves as if all the charge were concentrated at the center, given by E = Q/(4πε₀r²).

The RMS speed increases with temperature as v_rms = sqrt(3RT/M) shows that it is directly proportional to the square root of temperature T.

According to Boyle's law, for a given mass of gas at constant temperature, the pressure is inversely proportional to the volume. Halving the volume will double the pressure.

The equation of state for an ideal gas is given by PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature.

The ideal gas law is given by the equation PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature.

The ideal gas law is expressed as PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature.

At constant temperature, Boyle's law states that the product of pressure and volume (PV) is constant, hence P1V1 = P2V2.

The electric field due to an infinite plane sheet of charge is constant and given by E = σ/2ε₀ on either side of the sheet.

Using Gauss's law, the electric field due to an infinite plane sheet of charge is E = σ/2ε₀ on either side of the sheet.

Destructive interference occurs when the path difference is an odd multiple of λ/2 (i.e., (2n+1)λ/2).

Surfactants lower the surface tension of water by disrupting the cohesive forces between water molecules.

The addition of salt to water can increase the surface tension due to the ionic interactions that enhance the cohesive forces among water molecules.

The addition of soap decreases the surface tension of water by disrupting the cohesive forces between water molecules.

The gravitational field strength decreases with the square of the distance from the point mass.

Doubling both masses results in a fourfold increase in gravitational force, as it is directly proportional to the product of the masses.

According to Newton's law of gravitation, if the distance is halved, the force increases by a factor of 4 (F ∝ 1/r²).

Gravitational force is directly proportional to the product of the masses. Tripling one mass triples the force.

The gravitational potential decreases as you move away from a planet.

The gravitational potential energy decreases as the two masses move closer together.

The gravitational potential energy increases as the object is lifted to a height 'h' above the ground.

There are 100 centimeters in a meter.

There are 1000 millimeters in a meter.

There are 3600 seconds in an hour (60 seconds x 60 minutes).

The measurement 0.004560 has 4 significant figures (the leading zeros are not counted).

Leading zeros do not count, but the trailing zero after the decimal does. Therefore, 0.05060 has 4 significant figures.

The significant figures are 5, 0, and the trailing zero counts, totaling 3.

The number 0.004560 has 4 significant figures (the leading zeros are not counted).

Leading zeros do not count as significant figures. The significant figures in 0.00456 are 4, 5, and 6, which totals to 3 significant figures.