The AND gate outputs 1 only when both inputs are 1. Since both A and B are 0, the output is 0.

The output of A AND B is 0 when A is 0.

An OR gate outputs 1 if at least one input is high. Since B is 1, the output is 1.

The XOR gate outputs 1 when the inputs are different. Since A is 0 and B is 1, the output is 1.

The AND gate outputs 1 only when both inputs are high. Since A = 1 and B = 1, the output is 1.

An XOR gate outputs 1 only when the inputs are different. Since both inputs are 1, the output is 0.

B AND C = 1 AND 0 = 0. Then, A OR 0 = 1 OR 0 = 1.

First, evaluate A OR B, which is 1 OR 1 = 1. Then, 1 AND 0 = 0.

Using the equation λ = hc/E, where E = 2 eV = 2 * 1.6 x 10^-19 J, we find the minimum wavelength λ = (6.63 x 10^-34 J·s * 3 x 10^8 m/s) / (2 * 1.6 x 10^-19 J) = 310 nm.

The threshold wavelength can be calculated using the equation λ = hc/W. Substituting h = 4.14 x 10^-15 eV·s, c = 3 x 10^8 m/s, and W = 2 eV gives λ = 620 nm.

The maximum kinetic energy can be calculated using KE = hf - φ. Here, KE = 5.0 eV - 2.0 eV = 3.0 eV.

Maximum wavelength (λ) = hc/Φ = (1240 nm·eV)/(3 eV) = 413.33 nm.

The minimum wavelength can be calculated using the equation λ = hc/W. Substituting h = 4.14 x 10^-15 eV·s, c = 3 x 10^8 m/s, and W = 4 eV gives λ = 310 nm.

The threshold frequency can be calculated using the formula f = φ/h, where h is Planck's constant (4.14 x 10^-15 eV·s).

Energy (E) = hc / λ = (1240 nm·eV) / 300 nm = 4.13 eV.

Frequency (ν) = E/h = 5 eV / (4.14 x 10^-15 eV·s) = 7.5 x 10^14 Hz.

Kinetic energy (K.E.) = Photon energy - Work function = 5 eV - 3 eV = 2 eV.

The kinetic energy of the emitted electrons is given by KE = hf - φ. If the frequency is doubled, the kinetic energy increases as it is directly proportional to frequency.

Doubling the intensity of light increases the number of photons incident on the surface, which in turn increases the number of emitted electrons, assuming the frequency is above the threshold frequency.

Doubling the intensity of light increases the number of photons incident on the surface, which in turn increases the number of emitted electrons, assuming the frequency is above the threshold frequency.

Doubling the intensity of light doubles the number of photons, thus doubling the number of photoelectrons emitted.

The photoelectric effect occurs only when the frequency of the incident light is above the threshold frequency.

Minimum wavelength (λ) = hc / Φ = (1240 nm·eV) / 2.5 eV = 496 nm.

Minimum wavelength (λ) = hc / Φ = (1240 nm·eV) / 2.5 eV = 496 nm.

The threshold wavelength can be calculated using the equation λ = hc/φ. Substituting h = 4.14 x 10^-15 eV·s, c = 3 x 10^8 m/s, and φ = 4.5 eV gives λ ≈ 400 nm.

An OR gate outputs 1 if at least one input is 1. Since both inputs are 0, the output is 0.

Linear SNR = 10^(SNR(dB)/10) = 10^(20/10) = 100.

Multiplexing refers to combining multiple signals into one for transmission.

Noise refers to unwanted disturbances that interfere with the desired signal, affecting the quality of communication.

Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measures the strength of the signal relative to the background noise, indicating the quality of the communication.