The energy carried by a wave is proportional to the square of the amplitude. Therefore, if the amplitude is doubled, the energy increases by a factor of four.

The energy of a wave is proportional to the square of its amplitude. Therefore, if the amplitude is doubled, the energy increases by a factor of four.

The energy carried by a wave is proportional to the square of its amplitude. Therefore, if the amplitude increases, the energy also increases.

The energy of a wave is proportional to the square of its amplitude. Therefore, if the amplitude increases, the energy also increases.

The energy of a wave is proportional to the square of its amplitude. Therefore, if the amplitude increases, the energy also increases.

Energy is proportional to the square of the amplitude, so if amplitude is tripled, energy increases by a factor of 3^2 = 9.

The energy of a wave is proportional to the square of its amplitude, so if amplitude is tripled, energy increases by a factor of 3^2 = 9.

The energy carried by a wave is proportional to the square of the amplitude. Therefore, if the amplitude is tripled, the energy increases by a factor of 3^2 = 9.

If the angle is 90 degrees, the sine of the angle is zero, resulting in zero contribution to the magnetic field from that current element.

Torque is maximum when the angle is 90 degrees because τ = F × r × sin(θ) and sin(90°) = 1.

Torque (τ) = F × d × sin(θ) = 15 N × 2 m × sin(90°) = 30 Nm.

When the angle between the transmission axes of two polarizers is 90 degrees, no light passes through, resulting in zero intensity.

When the angle between the transmission axes of two polarizers is 90 degrees, no light is transmitted, resulting in zero intensity.

A · B = |A||B|cos(60°) = 5 * 10 * 0.5 = 25

A · B = |A||B|cos(60°) = 5 * 10 * 0.5 = 25.

If the angle is 90 degrees, A · B = |A||B|cos(90) = 0.

A · B = |A||B|cos(60°) = √(2^2 + 3^2) * √(4^2 + 5^2) * 1/2 = √13 * √41 * 1/2 = 20.

Height = distance * tan(30) = 100 * (1/√3) ≈ 57.74 m, which rounds to 50 m.

Height = shadow * tan(angle) = 10 * tan(30) = 10 * (1/√3) ≈ 10 m.

Height = shadow * tan(angle) = 10 * √3 = 5√3 m.

Using Snell's law: n1 * sin(θ1) = n2 * sin(θ2), 1.5 * sin(45°) = 1 * sin(θ2) => sin(θ2) = 1.5 * 0.7071 = 1.0607, which is not possible, hence total internal reflection occurs.

Since 70° > θc = sin⁻¹(1/1.5) ≈ 41.8°, total internal reflection will occur.

Since the critical angle for glass to air is sin⁻¹(1.00/1.5) ≈ 41.8°, and 60° > 41.8°, total internal reflection occurs.

Using Snell's law: n1 * sin(θ1) = n2 * sin(θ2). Here, n1 = 1.5, n2 = 1.0, and θ1 = 30°. Thus, sin(θ2) = (1.5 * sin(30°))/1.0 = 0.75, leading to θ2 ≈ 48.6°.

Since the angle of incidence (70°) is greater than the critical angle (approximately 41.8° for glass to air), total internal reflection occurs.

Critical angle θc = sin⁻¹(1/1.6) ≈ 38.7°. Since 70° > 38.7°, total internal reflection occurs.

The critical angle for glass to air is sin⁻¹(1/1.5) ≈ 41.8°. Since 70° > 41.8°, total internal reflection will occur.

When the angle of incidence equals the angle of refraction, it indicates that the light is passing from one medium to another of the same optical density, hence they are the same medium.

According to Snell's law, if the angle of incidence equals the angle of refraction, the light is traveling in the same medium, which can be vacuum or air.

At the critical angle, the angle of refraction is 90°, meaning the refracted ray travels along the boundary.