Net force = 5 N + 10 N = 15 N.

Torque is directly proportional to the force applied; hence, the 10 N force produces more torque.

Torque is greater when the force is applied further away from the pivot, given equal magnitudes.

The net torque is zero because the torques produced by the two forces cancel each other out.

As the charges are brought closer, the potential energy of the system increases due to the repulsive force between like charges.

According to Coulomb's law, force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance. If the distance is doubled, the force becomes one-fourth.

The electric fields due to both charges at the midpoint cancel each other, resulting in a net electric field of 0.

The electric fields due to both charges at the midpoint cancel each other, resulting in a net electric field of 0 N/C.

Potential energy U = k * q1 * q2 / r = (9 × 10^9 N m²/C²) * (q²) / 1m. For q = 1μC, U = 1 J.

The moment of inertia of the bottom disk is MR^2, and the top disk contributes an additional MR^2 due to the parallel axis theorem, giving a total of 2MR^2.

According to the second law of thermodynamics, heat will flow from the hotter object to the cooler one until they reach thermal equilibrium.

As the distance between two masses decreases, the gravitational force increases according to the inverse square law.

If the distance is halved, the force becomes 1/(1/2)^2 = 4 times stronger.

Relative speed = Speed of object 1 + Speed of object 2 = 10 m/s + 15 m/s = 25 m/s.

Relative velocity = Speed of object 1 + Speed of object 2 = 20 m/s + 30 m/s = 50 m/s.

Relative speed = Speed of object 1 + Speed of object 2 = 40 m/s + 60 m/s = 100 m/s.

Relative speed = 40 m/s + 60 m/s = 100 m/s. Time = Distance / Relative speed = 200 m / 100 m/s = 2 s.

F = G * (m1 * m2) / r^2 = (6.67 x 10^-11) * (1 * 1) / (1^2) = 6.67 x 10^-11 N.

If the distance is halved, the gravitational force increases by a factor of four, as it is inversely proportional to the square of the distance.

Using conservation of momentum and kinetic energy, the final velocity of the 3 kg object can be calculated to be 3 m/s.

Two parallel wires carrying currents in the same direction will attract each other due to the magnetic fields they produce.

Two parallel wires carrying currents in the same direction experience an attractive force between them.

The electric potential energy increases as the charges are brought closer together if they are of the same sign.

When two polarizers are oriented at 90 degrees to each other, no light can pass through, resulting in zero intensity.

When two polarizers are oriented at 90 degrees to each other, no light passes through, resulting in zero intensity.

When two polarizers are at 90 degrees to each other, no light passes through, resulting in minimum intensity.

Using Ohm's law, I = V/R, for the 4 ohm resistor, I = 12V / 4 ohms = 3 A.

Using Ohm's law, V = I * R, the voltage drop across the 4 ohm resistor is V = 2 A * 4 ohms = 8 V.

Resistivity is a property of the material, not the configuration; it remains 5 x 10^-6 Ω·m.

Total resistance in series is the sum: R_total = R1 + R2 = 5 + 10 = 15 Ω.