FeO is an example of a non-stoichiometric solid because it can have varying ratios of iron and oxygen.

Butane is a saturated hydrocarbon, meaning it contains only single bonds between carbon atoms.

Dissolving ammonium nitrate in water absorbs heat, making it an endothermic process.

In the reaction C + O2 → CO2, carbon is oxidized as it loses electrons to form CO2.

Sublimation is the process where a solid turns directly into a gas, as seen with dry ice (solid CO2).

Endothermic reactions absorb heat, feel cold, and have a positive ΔH; they do not release heat.

An exothermic reaction releases heat and has a negative ΔH. It causes the temperature of the surroundings to increase, not absorb energy.

An ideal solution has a constant boiling point and obeys Raoult's law, while variable composition is not a characteristic.

Crystalline solids exhibit anisotropy, meaning their properties vary with direction, while isotropy refers to uniform properties in all directions.

D-block elements typically have variable oxidation states and lower ionization energies compared to p-block elements.

Essential oils are typically non-water-soluble and are known for their volatile and aromatic properties.

Ionic solids do not conduct electricity in the solid state; they conduct when melted or dissolved in water.

Polymers typically have low solubility in water, especially synthetic ones.

Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is not a method for measuring surface area; it is used to study thermal stability and composition.

Increasing the temperature generally decreases the adsorption capacity for physisorption, as it can overcome the weak van der Waals forces.

Brittleness is not a property of metals; they are typically malleable and ductile.

Nitrogen is colorless, odorless, and diatomic, but it does not support combustion.

Thermoplastics are generally not brittle at room temperature; they can be reshaped upon heating.

Addition of monomers is not a step in condensation polymerization; it is characteristic of addition polymerization.

Quadratic is not a recognized type of crystal system; the correct systems include cubic, tetragonal, hexagonal, orthorhombic, and others.

Amorphous solids do not have a long-range order and are not classified as crystalline solids.

Aluminum (Al) is not an alkaline earth metal; it is a post-transition metal.

The compound CH3-CH2-CH(OH)-CH3 is 2-butanol, as the hydroxyl group is on the second carbon.

Phenol can be prepared by the hydrolysis of chlorobenzene using sodium hydroxide.

The reactivity of haloalkanes in nucleophilic substitution reactions decreases in the order R-I > R-Br > R-Cl > R-F due to bond strength.

Propan-2-one, also known as acetone, has the structure CH3COCH3, indicating it is a ketone.

Beryllium (Be) is the lightest alkaline earth metal.

Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, making up about 75% of its elemental mass.

Protium, which has no neutrons, is the most abundant isotope of hydrogen, making up about 99.98% of hydrogen found in nature.

P2O5 (phosphorus pentoxide) is the most acidic oxide among the given options.