Q. In a body-centered cubic (BCC) structure, how many atoms are there in one unit cell? (2022)
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Solution
In a body-centered cubic (BCC) structure, there are 2 atoms per unit cell (1 from the center and 1 from the corners).
Correct Answer: B — 2
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Q. In a crystal lattice, the arrangement of particles is determined by which of the following? (2019)
A.
Temperature
B.
Pressure
C.
Intermolecular forces
D.
All of the above
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Solution
The arrangement of particles in a crystal lattice is primarily determined by intermolecular forces, which dictate how particles pack together.
Correct Answer: C — Intermolecular forces
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Q. In a hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structure, how many atoms are present in one unit cell? (2023)
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Solution
In a hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structure, there are 6 atoms per unit cell.
Correct Answer: C — 6
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Q. In a hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structure, what is the coordination number? (2022)
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Solution
In a hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structure, the coordination number is 12, as each atom is in contact with 12 others.
Correct Answer: C — 12
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Q. In a simple cubic lattice, how many atoms are present in one unit cell? (2019)
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Solution
In a simple cubic lattice, there is 1 atom per unit cell (1/8 atom from each of the 8 corners).
Correct Answer: A — 1
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Q. In which type of solid are the constituent particles held together by covalent bonds? (2022)
A.
Ionic solids
B.
Covalent network solids
C.
Metallic solids
D.
Molecular solids
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Solution
Covalent network solids are held together by a network of covalent bonds, resulting in very high melting points.
Correct Answer: B — Covalent network solids
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Q. In which type of solid are the constituent particles held together by van der Waals forces? (2022)
A.
Ionic solids
B.
Covalent solids
C.
Metallic solids
D.
Molecular solids
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Solution
Molecular solids are held together by van der Waals forces.
Correct Answer: D — Molecular solids
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Q. The unit cell of a diamond structure is best described as which of the following? (2020)
A.
Simple cubic
B.
Face-centered cubic
C.
Body-centered cubic
D.
Hexagonal
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Solution
The diamond structure can be described as a face-centered cubic (FCC) lattice with a basis of two carbon atoms.
Correct Answer: B — Face-centered cubic
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Q. What is the coordination number of atoms in a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure? (2021)
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Solution
In a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure, each atom is in contact with 12 other atoms, giving it a coordination number of 12.
Correct Answer: D — 12
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Q. What is the effect of temperature on the solubility of most solid solutes in liquids? (2022)
A.
Increases with temperature
B.
Decreases with temperature
C.
No effect
D.
Varies with the solute
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Solution
For most solid solutes, solubility in liquids increases with temperature due to increased kinetic energy of the molecules.
Correct Answer: A — Increases with temperature
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Q. What is the formula for calculating the density of a crystalline solid? (2020)
A.
Density = mass/volume
B.
Density = volume/mass
C.
Density = mass × volume
D.
Density = mass + volume
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Solution
The density of a crystalline solid is calculated using the formula Density = mass/volume.
Correct Answer: A — Density = mass/volume
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Q. What is the formula for calculating the number of atoms in a face-centered cubic unit cell? (2022)
A.
N = 4
B.
N = 2
C.
N = 1
D.
N = 8
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Solution
In a face-centered cubic unit cell, there are 4 atoms (1/8 from each of the 8 corners and 1/2 from each of the 6 faces).
Correct Answer: A — N = 4
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Q. What is the main characteristic of a molecular solid? (2021)
A.
High melting point
B.
Low melting point
C.
Good electrical conductivity
D.
High density
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Solution
Molecular solids generally have low melting points due to weak intermolecular forces.
Correct Answer: B — Low melting point
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Q. What is the main characteristic of amorphous solids? (2023)
A.
Long-range order
B.
Short-range order
C.
Definite melting point
D.
Anisotropic
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Solution
Amorphous solids lack long-range order, which distinguishes them from crystalline solids.
Correct Answer: B — Short-range order
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Q. What is the packing efficiency of a body-centered cubic (BCC) structure? (2020)
A.
52%
B.
68%
C.
74%
D.
100%
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Solution
The packing efficiency of a body-centered cubic (BCC) structure is approximately 68%.
Correct Answer: B — 68%
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Q. What is the primary characteristic of amorphous solids? (2023)
A.
Long-range order
B.
Short-range order
C.
Definite melting point
D.
High thermal conductivity
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Solution
Amorphous solids have short-range order but lack long-range order, unlike crystalline solids.
Correct Answer: B — Short-range order
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Q. What is the primary force holding the atoms together in covalent network solids? (2022)
A.
Ionic bonds
B.
Covalent bonds
C.
Metallic bonds
D.
Van der Waals forces
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Solution
Covalent network solids are held together by covalent bonds, forming a continuous network throughout the solid.
Correct Answer: B — Covalent bonds
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Q. What is the primary force holding together the atoms in a metallic solid? (2020)
A.
Ionic bonds
B.
Covalent bonds
C.
Metallic bonds
D.
Van der Waals forces
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Solution
Metallic solids are held together by metallic bonds, which involve a 'sea' of delocalized electrons around positively charged metal ions.
Correct Answer: C — Metallic bonds
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Q. What is the primary force holding together the atoms in metallic solids? (2020)
A.
Ionic bonds
B.
Covalent bonds
C.
Metallic bonds
D.
Van der Waals forces
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Solution
Metallic solids are held together by metallic bonds, which involve a 'sea of electrons' that are free to move.
Correct Answer: C — Metallic bonds
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Q. What is the primary type of bonding in metallic solids? (2020)
A.
Ionic bonding
B.
Covalent bonding
C.
Metallic bonding
D.
Hydrogen bonding
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Solution
Metallic solids are primarily held together by metallic bonding, which involves a 'sea of electrons' that are free to move.
Correct Answer: C — Metallic bonding
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Q. What is the unit cell of a diamond structure? (2022)
A.
Face-centered cubic
B.
Body-centered cubic
C.
Simple cubic
D.
Hexagonal
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Solution
The diamond structure is based on a face-centered cubic (FCC) unit cell with a specific arrangement of carbon atoms.
Correct Answer: A — Face-centered cubic
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Q. What is the unit cell of diamond? (2022)
A.
Face-centered cubic
B.
Body-centered cubic
C.
Simple cubic
D.
Hexagonal
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Solution
Diamond has a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure with a complex arrangement of carbon atoms.
Correct Answer: A — Face-centered cubic
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Q. What type of crystal system does a diamond belong to? (2023)
A.
Cubic
B.
Tetragonal
C.
Hexagonal
D.
Orthorhombic
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Solution
Diamond crystallizes in a cubic crystal system, specifically in a face-centered cubic lattice.
Correct Answer: A — Cubic
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Q. What type of packing is observed in a body-centered cubic (BCC) structure? (2023)
A.
Hexagonal close packing
B.
Cubic close packing
C.
Simple cubic packing
D.
Body-centered packing
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Solution
The body-centered cubic (BCC) structure features body-centered packing, where one atom is at the center of the cube and eight atoms are at the corners.
Correct Answer: D — Body-centered packing
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Q. What type of packing is observed in hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structures? (2023)
A.
ABAB
B.
ABCABC
C.
AABB
D.
AAAB
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Solution
Hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structures exhibit ABCABC packing.
Correct Answer: B — ABCABC
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Q. What type of solid is diamond classified as? (2022)
A.
Metallic solid
B.
Ionic solid
C.
Covalent network solid
D.
Molecular solid
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Solution
Diamond is classified as a covalent network solid due to its strong covalent bonds forming a three-dimensional network.
Correct Answer: C — Covalent network solid
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Q. Which of the following describes the arrangement of atoms in a hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structure? (2019)
A.
ABABAB
B.
ABCABC
C.
AABB
D.
AAABBB
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Solution
In a hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structure, the arrangement of atoms follows an ABABAB pattern.
Correct Answer: A — ABABAB
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Q. Which of the following describes the term 'lattice energy'? (2023)
A.
Energy required to vaporize a solid
B.
Energy released when ions form a solid
C.
Energy required to melt a solid
D.
Energy required to break a solid into its constituent atoms
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Solution
Lattice energy is defined as the energy released when gaseous ions combine to form a solid ionic compound.
Correct Answer: B — Energy released when ions form a solid
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Q. Which of the following has the highest density? (2019)
A.
Sodium chloride
B.
Copper
C.
Graphite
D.
Silicon dioxide
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Solution
Copper has a higher density compared to the other listed materials due to its closely packed atomic structure.
Correct Answer: B — Copper
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Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of ionic solids? (2020)
A.
High electrical conductivity in solid state
B.
High melting point
C.
Low density
D.
Malleable
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Solution
Ionic solids are characterized by high melting points due to the strong electrostatic forces between the ions.
Correct Answer: B — High melting point
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