Q. In measurements, what does precision refer to? (2022)
A.
Closeness to the true value
B.
Consistency of repeated measurements
C.
Range of values
D.
Average of measurements
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Solution
Precision refers to the consistency of repeated measurements, regardless of their accuracy.
Correct Answer: B — Consistency of repeated measurements
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Q. In measurements, what does the term 'precision' refer to? (2022)
A.
Closeness to the true value
B.
Consistency of repeated measurements
C.
Range of values
D.
Average of measurements
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Solution
Precision refers to the consistency of repeated measurements, regardless of their accuracy.
Correct Answer: B — Consistency of repeated measurements
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Q. In nuclear fission, the mass of the products is less than the mass of the reactants. What is this mass difference called? (2019)
A.
Nuclear mass
B.
Binding energy
C.
Mass defect
D.
Fission energy
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Solution
The mass difference in nuclear fission is referred to as the mass defect, which is converted into energy according to Einstein's equation E=mc².
Correct Answer: C — Mass defect
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Q. In nuclear fission, the mass of the products is less than the mass of the reactants. What is this mass difference converted into? (2019)
A.
Kinetic energy
B.
Potential energy
C.
Binding energy
D.
Radiation
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Solution
The mass difference in nuclear fission is converted into kinetic energy of the fission fragments, according to Einstein's equation E=mc².
Correct Answer: A — Kinetic energy
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Q. In nuclear fission, what is released as a result of the reaction? (2022)
A.
Energy and neutrons
B.
Only energy
C.
Only neutrons
D.
Protons and electrons
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Solution
Nuclear fission releases a significant amount of energy and additional neutrons, which can induce further fission reactions.
Correct Answer: A — Energy and neutrons
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Q. In nuclear fission, what is released? (2022)
A.
Energy and neutrons
B.
Only energy
C.
Only neutrons
D.
Protons and electrons
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Solution
Nuclear fission releases a significant amount of energy and additional neutrons, which can induce further fission reactions.
Correct Answer: A — Energy and neutrons
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Q. In nuclear reactions, what is conserved? (2022)
A.
Mass only
B.
Charge only
C.
Mass and charge
D.
Energy only
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Solution
In nuclear reactions, both mass and charge are conserved, which is a fundamental principle of physics.
Correct Answer: C — Mass and charge
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Q. In the context of atomic structure, what does the term 'isotope' refer to? (2021)
A.
Atoms with the same number of protons but different neutrons
B.
Atoms with different numbers of protons
C.
Atoms with the same mass number
D.
Atoms that are chemically identical
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Solution
Isotopes are defined as atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
Correct Answer: A — Atoms with the same number of protons but different neutrons
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Q. In the context of atomic structure, what does the term 'quantum leap' refer to? (2022)
A.
Movement of electrons in a circular path
B.
Transition of an electron between energy levels
C.
Emission of light
D.
Absorption of energy
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Solution
A 'quantum leap' refers to the transition of an electron between discrete energy levels in an atom.
Correct Answer: B — Transition of an electron between energy levels
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Q. In the context of measurements, what does precision refer to? (2022)
A.
Closeness to the true value
B.
Consistency of repeated measurements
C.
Range of values
D.
Average of measurements
Show solution
Solution
Precision refers to the consistency of repeated measurements, regardless of their accuracy.
Correct Answer: B — Consistency of repeated measurements
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Q. In the hydrogen atom, which transition would emit the photon with the highest energy? (2019)
A.
n=2 to n=1
B.
n=3 to n=2
C.
n=4 to n=3
D.
n=5 to n=4
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Solution
The energy of the emitted photon is highest for the transition from n=2 to n=1, as it involves the largest energy difference.
Correct Answer: A — n=2 to n=1
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Q. In the kinetic theory of gases, the temperature of a gas is a measure of: (2022)
A.
The average potential energy of the molecules
B.
The average kinetic energy of the molecules
C.
The total energy of the gas
D.
The number of molecules in the gas
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Solution
In the kinetic theory of gases, the temperature of a gas is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Correct Answer: B — The average kinetic energy of the molecules
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Q. In the kinetic theory of gases, the term 'elastic collision' means: (2019)
A.
Kinetic energy is conserved
B.
Momentum is conserved
C.
Both kinetic energy and momentum are conserved
D.
Neither kinetic energy nor momentum is conserved
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Solution
In elastic collisions, both kinetic energy and momentum are conserved, which is a key assumption in the kinetic theory of gases.
Correct Answer: C — Both kinetic energy and momentum are conserved
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Q. In the kinetic theory, the internal energy of an ideal gas is primarily due to:
A.
Potential energy
B.
Kinetic energy of molecules
C.
Work done on the gas
D.
Heat energy
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Solution
In an ideal gas, the internal energy is primarily due to the kinetic energy of the gas molecules, as potential energy is negligible.
Correct Answer: B — Kinetic energy of molecules
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Q. In the kinetic theory, the temperature of a gas is a measure of: (2022)
A.
The average potential energy of the molecules
B.
The average kinetic energy of the molecules
C.
The total energy of the gas
D.
The speed of the gas molecules
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Solution
In the kinetic theory, the temperature of a gas is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Correct Answer: B — The average kinetic energy of the molecules
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Q. In the photoelectric effect, what happens to the kinetic energy of emitted electrons when the frequency of incident light is increased? (2021)
A.
Increases
B.
Decreases
C.
Remains constant
D.
Becomes zero
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Solution
According to the photoelectric effect, the kinetic energy of emitted electrons increases with the frequency of the incident light, provided the frequency is above the threshold frequency.
Correct Answer: A — Increases
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Q. In the photoelectric effect, what happens to the kinetic energy of emitted electrons as the frequency of incident light increases? (2021)
A.
Increases
B.
Decreases
C.
Remains constant
D.
Becomes zero
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Solution
According to the photoelectric effect, the kinetic energy of emitted electrons increases with the frequency of the incident light, provided the frequency is above the threshold frequency.
Correct Answer: A — Increases
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Q. In the photoelectric effect, what happens when the frequency of incident light is increased? (2020)
A.
More electrons are emitted
B.
Electrons are emitted with higher energy
C.
No electrons are emitted
D.
The current decreases
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Solution
Increasing the frequency of incident light increases the energy of emitted electrons, as per E = hf.
Correct Answer: B — Electrons are emitted with higher energy
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Q. In thin film interference, which of the following will not affect the interference pattern? (2022)
A.
Thickness of the film
B.
Wavelength of light
C.
Angle of incidence
D.
Color of the light source
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Solution
While thickness, wavelength, and angle of incidence affect the interference pattern, the color of the light source does not directly affect the pattern itself.
Correct Answer: D — Color of the light source
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Q. In which case does total internal reflection occur? (2022)
A.
When light travels from a denser to a rarer medium
B.
When light travels from a rarer to a denser medium
C.
At the critical angle
D.
None of the above
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Solution
Total internal reflection occurs when light travels from a denser medium to a rarer medium at an angle greater than the critical angle.
Correct Answer: A — When light travels from a denser to a rarer medium
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Q. In which direction does the magnetic field point inside a solenoid carrying current? (2023)
A.
From south to north
B.
From north to south
C.
Perpendicular to the axis
D.
It is zero
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Solution
Inside a solenoid, the magnetic field lines run from the north pole to the south pole, similar to a bar magnet.
Correct Answer: B — From north to south
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Q. In which process does a substance change from solid to gas without becoming liquid? (2022)
A.
Melting
B.
Sublimation
C.
Condensation
D.
Evaporation
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Solution
The process in which a substance changes from solid to gas without becoming liquid is called sublimation.
Correct Answer: B — Sublimation
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Q. In which process does a substance change from solid to gas? (2022)
A.
Melting
B.
Sublimation
C.
Evaporation
D.
Condensation
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Solution
The process in which a substance changes from solid to gas is called sublimation.
Correct Answer: B — Sublimation
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Q. In which type of collision is kinetic energy conserved? (2019)
A.
Elastic collision
B.
Inelastic collision
C.
Perfectly inelastic collision
D.
All of the above
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Solution
In an elastic collision, both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved.
Correct Answer: A — Elastic collision
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Q. The average speed of gas molecules is given by the formula:
A.
(8kT/πm)^(1/2)
B.
(3kT/m)^(1/2)
C.
(2kT/m)^(1/2)
D.
(kT/m)^(1/2)
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Solution
The average speed of gas molecules is given by the formula v_avg = (8kT/πm)^(1/2), where k is the Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature, and m is the mass of a gas molecule.
Correct Answer: A — (8kT/πm)^(1/2)
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Q. The average speed of gas molecules is given by which of the following expressions? (2022)
A.
√(8RT/πM)
B.
√(3RT/M)
C.
√(2RT/M)
D.
√(RT/M)
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Solution
The average speed of gas molecules is given by the expression v_avg = √(8RT/πM), where R is the universal gas constant, T is the temperature, and M is the molar mass of the gas.
Correct Answer: A — √(8RT/πM)
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Q. The average speed of gas molecules is given by which of the following formulas? (2023)
A.
(8kT/πm)^(1/2)
B.
(3kT/m)^(1/2)
C.
(2kT/m)^(1/2)
D.
(kT/m)^(1/2)
Show solution
Solution
The average speed of gas molecules is given by the formula v_avg = sqrt(8kT/πm), where k is the Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature, and m is the mass of a molecule.
Correct Answer: A — (8kT/πm)^(1/2)
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Q. The buoyant force acting on an object submerged in a fluid is equal to:
A.
The weight of the object
B.
The weight of the fluid displaced
C.
The density of the object
D.
The pressure of the fluid
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Solution
According to Archimedes' principle, the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
Correct Answer: B — The weight of the fluid displaced
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Q. The buoyant force on an object submerged in a fluid is equal to: (2022)
A.
The weight of the object
B.
The weight of the fluid displaced
C.
The density of the object
D.
The volume of the object
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Solution
According to Archimedes' principle, the buoyant force on a submerged object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
Correct Answer: B — The weight of the fluid displaced
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Q. The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor is directly proportional to which of the following? (2019)
A.
Distance between plates
B.
Area of plates
C.
Voltage across plates
D.
Dielectric constant
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Solution
Capacitance (C) is directly proportional to the area of the plates (A) and the dielectric constant (ε) and inversely proportional to the distance (d) between the plates.
Correct Answer: B — Area of plates
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