The process in which a substance changes from solid to gas without becoming liquid is called sublimation.

The process in which a substance changes from solid to gas is called sublimation.

The formula for calculating the heat energy required to change the temperature of a substance is Q = mcΔT, where m is mass, c is specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

The formula for calculating heat transfer due to conduction is Q = kA(T1-T2)/d, where k is the thermal conductivity, A is the area, and d is the thickness.

The formula for calculating the heat transfer in a substance is Q = mcΔT, where Q is the heat added, m is the mass, c is the specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

The principle behind a thermos flask is insulation, which minimizes heat transfer.

Convection is the process of heat transfer through a fluid (liquid or gas) due to the movement of the fluid itself.

The process of heat transfer through direct contact is called conduction.

The process of heat transfer through fluid motion is called convection.

The process of heat transfer through the movement of fluids is called convection.

The specific heat capacity of air is approximately 1.005 J/kg·K.

The specific heat capacity of iron is approximately 0.45 J/g·K.

The energy required to change a substance from liquid to gas is called the latent heat of vaporization.

The temperature at which a substance changes from liquid to gas is called the boiling point.

Calorimetry states that the heat absorbed or released by a substance is proportional to the change in temperature.

Gay-Lussac's Law states that the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature at constant volume.

Fourier's Law states that the rate of heat transfer through a material is proportional to the temperature difference across it.

Rubber is an example of an insulator.

A balloon inflating when heated is an example of thermal expansion, as the gas inside expands with increased temperature.

Copper has the highest thermal conductivity among the given materials.

Melting involves a change of state (solid to liquid) without a change in temperature.

Convection is the process that involves the transfer of heat through a fluid (liquid or gas) due to the movement of the fluid itself.

Convection involves the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids.