Q. Which of the following statements about inductive effect is correct?
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A.
It is a permanent effect
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B.
It is a temporary effect
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C.
It only affects alkenes
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D.
It increases basicity
Solution
Inductive effect is a permanent effect due to the electronegativity of atoms or groups.
Correct Answer: A — It is a permanent effect
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Q. Which of the following statements about isomerism is FALSE?
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A.
Isomers have the same molecular formula.
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B.
Isomers have different physical properties.
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C.
Isomers have different chemical properties.
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D.
Isomers cannot exist in the same physical state.
Solution
Isomers can exist in the same physical state, such as liquid or solid.
Correct Answer: D — Isomers cannot exist in the same physical state.
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Q. Which of the following statements about isomerism is true?
-
A.
Isomers have the same molecular formula
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B.
Isomers have different molecular formulas
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C.
Isomers have the same physical properties
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D.
Isomers cannot exist in the same compound
Solution
Isomers have the same molecular formula but differ in the arrangement of atoms.
Correct Answer: A — Isomers have the same molecular formula
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Q. Which of the following statements about isomers is true?
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A.
Isomers have different molecular formulas
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B.
Isomers have the same connectivity of atoms
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C.
Isomers have different physical and chemical properties
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D.
Isomers cannot exist in the same compound
Solution
Isomers can have different physical and chemical properties despite having the same molecular formula.
Correct Answer: C — Isomers have different physical and chemical properties
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Q. Which of the following statements about mesomeric effect is true?
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A.
It involves only sigma bonds.
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B.
It is a permanent effect.
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C.
It is weaker than the inductive effect.
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D.
It does not involve resonance structures.
Solution
The mesomeric effect is a permanent effect that involves the delocalization of electrons through pi bonds and resonance structures.
Correct Answer: B — It is a permanent effect.
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Q. Which of the following statements about optical isomers is true?
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A.
They have the same physical properties
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B.
They rotate plane-polarized light in opposite directions
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C.
They have different molecular formulas
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D.
They are always chiral
Solution
Optical isomers, or enantiomers, rotate plane-polarized light in opposite directions.
Correct Answer: B — They rotate plane-polarized light in opposite directions
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Q. Which of the following statements is false regarding inductive effect?
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A.
It is a permanent effect
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B.
It decreases with distance
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C.
It is stronger than mesomeric effect
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D.
It can be +I or -I
Solution
The inductive effect is generally weaker than the mesomeric effect.
Correct Answer: C — It is stronger than mesomeric effect
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Q. Which of the following statements is false regarding the inductive effect?
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A.
It is a permanent effect.
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B.
It operates through sigma bonds.
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C.
It can be observed in both aliphatic and aromatic compounds.
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D.
It involves the delocalization of pi electrons.
Solution
The inductive effect does not involve the delocalization of pi electrons; that is characteristic of the mesomeric effect.
Correct Answer: D — It involves the delocalization of pi electrons.
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Q. Which of the following statements is true regarding mesomeric effect?
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A.
It is a permanent effect
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B.
It is a temporary effect
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C.
It only applies to alkenes
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D.
It increases acidity
Solution
The mesomeric effect is a permanent effect due to the delocalization of electrons.
Correct Answer: A — It is a permanent effect
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Q. Which of the following statements is true regarding optical isomers?
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A.
They are superimposable
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B.
They have identical physical properties
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C.
They rotate plane-polarized light in opposite directions
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D.
They have different molecular formulas
Solution
Optical isomers, or enantiomers, rotate plane-polarized light in opposite directions.
Correct Answer: C — They rotate plane-polarized light in opposite directions
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Q. Which of the following statements is true regarding the -I effect?
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A.
It stabilizes carbocations
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B.
It destabilizes carbanions
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C.
It withdraws electron density
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D.
It donates electron density
Solution
-I effect withdraws electron density, which can destabilize carbocations and stabilize carbanions.
Correct Answer: C — It withdraws electron density
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Q. Which of the following statements is true regarding the inductive effect?
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A.
It is a temporary effect.
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B.
It operates through pi bonds.
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C.
It is stronger than the mesomeric effect.
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D.
It decreases with distance.
Solution
The inductive effect decreases with distance from the electronegative atom or group.
Correct Answer: D — It decreases with distance.
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Q. Which of the following statements is true regarding the mesomeric effect?
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A.
It can only be observed in aliphatic compounds.
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B.
It involves the movement of sigma electrons.
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C.
It is responsible for the stability of resonance structures.
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D.
It is a short-range effect.
Solution
The mesomeric effect is responsible for the stability of resonance structures due to the delocalization of pi electrons.
Correct Answer: C — It is responsible for the stability of resonance structures.
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Q. Which reaction involves the addition of water to an alkene?
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A.
Hydrogenation
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B.
Hydrolysis
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C.
Hydration
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D.
Dehydration
Solution
The addition of water to an alkene is called hydration.
Correct Answer: C — Hydration
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Q. Which reagent is commonly used to test for the presence of unsaturation in organic compounds?
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A.
Bromine water
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B.
Sodium hydroxide
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C.
Hydrochloric acid
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D.
Silver nitrate
Solution
Bromine water is used to test for unsaturation; it decolorizes in the presence of alkenes or alkynes.
Correct Answer: A — Bromine water
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Q. Which reagent is commonly used to test for unsaturation in organic compounds?
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A.
Bromine water
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B.
Sodium bicarbonate
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C.
Potassium permanganate
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D.
Both 1 and 3
Solution
Bromine water and potassium permanganate are both used to test for unsaturation in organic compounds.
Correct Answer: D — Both 1 and 3
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Q. Which substituent has both +M and -I effects?
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A.
-OH
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B.
-NH2
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C.
-COOH
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D.
-NO2
Solution
-NH2 has a +M effect due to resonance donation and a -I effect due to electronegativity.
Correct Answer: B — -NH2
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Q. Which substituent is a strong +I and +M director?
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A.
-NO2
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B.
-OH
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C.
-CN
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D.
-COOH
Solution
-OH is a strong +I and +M director due to its ability to donate electron density through resonance.
Correct Answer: B — -OH
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Q. Which substituent is a strong +M director?
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A.
-CHO
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B.
-NO2
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C.
-OH
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D.
-Br
Solution
The -OH group is a strong +M director due to its ability to donate electron density through resonance.
Correct Answer: C — -OH
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Q. Which type of isomerism is exhibited by 1,2-dichloroethene?
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A.
Structural isomerism
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B.
Geometric isomerism
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C.
Optical isomerism
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D.
Conformational isomerism
Solution
1,2-dichloroethene can exist in cis and trans forms, demonstrating geometric isomerism.
Correct Answer: B — Geometric isomerism
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Q. Which type of isomerism is exhibited by 1,3-butadiene?
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A.
Geometric isomerism
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B.
Structural isomerism
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C.
Conformational isomerism
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D.
Optical isomerism
Solution
1,3-butadiene can exhibit geometric isomerism due to the presence of double bonds.
Correct Answer: A — Geometric isomerism
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Q. Which type of isomerism is exhibited by glucose and fructose?
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A.
Geometric isomerism
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B.
Structural isomerism
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C.
Optical isomerism
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D.
Conformational isomerism
Solution
Glucose and fructose are structural isomers as they have the same molecular formula but different structures.
Correct Answer: B — Structural isomerism
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Q. Which type of isomerism is shown by butane (C4H10)?
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A.
Geometric isomerism
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B.
Structural isomerism
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C.
Optical isomerism
-
D.
Tautomeric isomerism
Solution
Butane exhibits structural isomerism as it can exist as n-butane and isobutane.
Correct Answer: B — Structural isomerism
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