-OH is a strong +I and +M director due to its ability to donate electron density through resonance.
Questions & Step-by-step Solutions
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Q
Q: Which substituent is a strong +I and +M director?
Solution: -OH is a strong +I and +M director due to its ability to donate electron density through resonance.
Steps: 5
Step 1: Understand what +I and +M directors are. +I (inductive effect) means the substituent donates electron density through sigma bonds, while +M (mesomeric effect) means it donates electron density through resonance.
Step 2: Identify the substituent in the question, which is -OH (hydroxyl group).
Step 3: Recognize that -OH has lone pairs of electrons that can be shared with the aromatic ring, allowing it to donate electron density through resonance (+M effect).
Step 4: Note that -OH also has an electronegative oxygen atom that can pull electron density through sigma bonds, making it a strong +I director as well.
Step 5: Conclude that -OH is a strong +I and +M director because it effectively donates electron density both through resonance and inductive effects.
