DNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands during replication.

Doping introduces additional charge carriers (electrons or holes) into the semiconductor, enhancing its conductivity.

Enzymes act as catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body, facilitating various metabolic processes.

Fossils provide crucial evidence of past life forms and their changes over time, helping scientists understand the process of evolution and the history of life on Earth.

Genetic drift is a mechanism of evolution that leads to random changes in allele frequencies in a population, particularly in small populations.

GMOs are engineered to enhance resistance to pests, thereby increasing crop yield.

GMOs are designed to enhance food quality, safety, and reduce waste, thus all options are correct.

Glucagon is a hormone produced by the pancreas that raises blood sugar levels by promoting the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver.

Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix during DNA replication.

Hemoglobin in red blood cells binds to oxygen in the lungs and transports it to tissues throughout the body.

Iron is essential for chlorophyll synthesis and plays a role in various enzymatic reactions.

Keystone species have a disproportionately large impact on their environment, affecting many other organisms in the ecosystem.

MnO4⁻ acts as an oxidizing agent in acidic medium, as it gains electrons and is reduced.

Moderators are used in nuclear reactors to slow down fast neutrons, making them more likely to induce fission in the fuel.

Mutations provide genetic variation, which is essential for evolution as it introduces new traits that may be subject to natural selection.

NADP+ acts as an electron carrier, becoming reduced to NADPH during the light-dependent reactions.

Neurotransmitters are chemicals that transmit signals across the synapse from one neuron to another.

Neurotransmitters are chemicals that transmit signals across a synapse from one neuron to another.

Nitrogen oxides contribute to ozone formation, the greenhouse effect, and are a precursor to acid rain.

Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids and carry genetic information.

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration.

Oxytocin is a hormone that stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and is also involved in social bonding.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases blood calcium levels by stimulating the release of calcium from bones and increasing calcium absorption in the intestines.

Phytoplankton absorb carbon dioxide during photosynthesis, playing a crucial role in carbon storage in the ocean.

Phytoplankton are crucial for oxygen production through photosynthesis and play a significant role in the carbon cycle.

Plasmids are small circular DNA molecules that can replicate independently and are commonly used as vectors to transfer genes into host cells in genetic engineering.

Platelets, or thrombocytes, are essential for blood clotting, helping to prevent excessive bleeding when injuries occur.

Preservatives are added to food to prevent spoilage and increase shelf life by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms.

Producers convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis, forming the base of the food chain.

RNA polymerase is responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template during transcription.