The process of heat transfer through direct contact is called conduction.

The process of heat transfer through fluid motion is called convection.

The process of heat transfer through the movement of fluids is called convection.

The oxidation of an aldehyde results in the formation of a carboxylic acid.

The reaction of 1-bromobutane with sodium ethoxide leads to the formation of butyl ethyl ether through an SN2 mechanism.

The product of the reaction between ammonia and an alkyl halide is an amine.

In acidic medium, Cr2O7²⁻ is reduced to Cr³⁺.

In acidic medium, the permanganate ion (MnO4-) is reduced to manganese ion (Mn2+).

DNA ligase is an enzyme that joins DNA fragments together, which is essential for creating recombinant DNA molecules in genetic engineering.

A promoter is a DNA sequence that initiates transcription of a gene, allowing for the expression of the inserted gene in the host organism.

A promoter is a DNA sequence that initiates transcription of a particular gene, driving the expression of the inserted gene in a recombinant DNA molecule.

Selectable markers are genes that confer resistance to antibiotics or other substances, allowing for the identification of cells that have successfully taken up the vector.

Selectable markers are genes that confer resistance to antibiotics or other substances, allowing researchers to identify cells that have successfully taken up the recombinant DNA.

A vernier caliper is used to measure lengths with high precision.

Biopesticides are used to control pests through natural organisms, making option 'To control pests using natural organisms' the correct answer.

CRISPR technology is primarily used for gene editing, allowing precise modifications to DNA.

DNA fingerprinting is used to identify individuals based on their unique DNA profiles, making it crucial in forensic science.

Restriction enzymes are used to cut DNA at specific sequences, which is essential for cloning and genetic engineering.

Reactance (X_L) = 2πfL = 2π(50)(0.1) = 31.4 Ω.

The reactance of an inductor in an AC circuit is given by the formula X_L = 2πfL.

The relationship is given by Q = CV, where Q is the charge, C is the capacitance, and V is the voltage across the capacitor.

The relationship is given by I = Q / t, where I is current, Q is charge, and t is time.

The relationship is given by Ohm's law: I = V/R.

In a uniform electric field, the electric field E is related to the potential difference V and the distance d by the equation E = V/d.

The frequency (f) is the reciprocal of the period (T), given by the formula f = 1/T.

The frequency (f) of a wave is the reciprocal of the period (T), given by the formula f = 1/T.

The frequency (f) is the reciprocal of the time period (T), given by f = 1 / T.

The magnetic field strength around a long straight conductor decreases with distance from the conductor, following the inverse relationship.

In a fluid at rest, pressure increases with depth due to the weight of the fluid above.

For a sinusoidal AC waveform, the RMS value is related to the average value by RMS = Average / √2.