The principal quantum number (n) indicates the energy level; for the third energy level, n = 3.

Chlorine has an atomic number of 17, and its outermost electrons are in the 3rd shell, so n=3.

Potassium has an atomic number of 19, and its outermost electron is in the n=4 shell.

Chlorine has an atomic number of 17, and its outermost electrons are in the n=3 shell.

A manometer is used to measure the pressure difference between two points in a fluid.

A photodiode operates on the principle of the photoelectric effect, where light generates electron-hole pairs.

The principle behind a thermos flask is insulation, which minimizes heat transfer.

A lever operates on the principle of mechanical advantage, allowing a smaller force to lift a larger load.

A hydraulic lift operates based on Pascal's law, which states that pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted undiminished in all directions.

A galvanometer works on the principle of the magnetic force acting on a current-carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field.

Bernoulli's Principle states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure.

Archimedes' Principle states that the buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.

Bernoulli's Principle states that an increase in the velocity of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure.

The probability of obtaining a homozygous recessive offspring (aa) from a cross between two heterozygous parents (Aa x Aa) is 25%.

Replication is the process by which DNA is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules.

Replication is the process by which DNA is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules.

The food chain illustrates how energy is transferred from one trophic level to another in an ecosystem.

The emission of an alpha particle from a nucleus is known as alpha decay.

Convection is the process of heat transfer through a fluid (liquid or gas) due to the movement of the fluid itself.

Beta decay is the process in which a neutron is converted into a proton, emitting an electron and an antineutrino.

The process of fusion of male and female gametes is called fertilization.

The process of heat transfer through direct contact is called conduction.

The process of heat transfer through fluid motion is called convection.

The process of heat transfer through the movement of fluids is called convection.

The oxidation of an aldehyde results in the formation of a carboxylic acid.

The reaction of 1-bromobutane with sodium ethoxide leads to the formation of butyl ethyl ether through an SN2 mechanism.

The product of the reaction between ammonia and an alkyl halide is an amine.

In acidic medium, Cr2O7²⁻ is reduced to Cr³⁺.

In acidic medium, the permanganate ion (MnO4-) is reduced to manganese ion (Mn2+).

DNA ligase is an enzyme that joins DNA fragments together, which is essential for creating recombinant DNA molecules in genetic engineering.