Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves that do not require a medium to propagate and travel at the speed of light in a vacuum.

Electrons have a negligible mass compared to protons and neutrons.

Enthalpy is an extensive property, meaning it depends on the amount of substance present.

Entropy is a measure of disorder in a system.

The equilibrium constant K is dependent on temperature; changing the temperature will change the value of K.

Ethers are generally less reactive than alcohols due to the absence of a hydroxyl group.

Evolution can occur in response to environmental changes, allowing species to adapt to new conditions over time.

The statement a^0 = 0 is false; in fact, a^0 = 1 for any non-zero a.

The statement a^m + a^n = a^(m+n) is incorrect; addition of exponents does not apply in this manner.

A factor of a number is always less than or equal to that number, making the last statement incorrect.

Every number has at least two factors: 1 and the number itself, but some numbers can have more than two factors.

Fluids can exert pressure in all directions, which is a fundamental property of fluids.

Gases fill the entire volume of their container due to the high kinetic energy of their particles, allowing them to spread out.

In a geometric progression, the ratio of consecutive terms is indeed constant, which defines the progression.

Geostationary satellites have an orbital period equal to the Earth's rotation period, which is 24 hours.

Gravitational potential energy decreases as two masses move closer together, as U = -G * (m1 * m2) / r.

Gravitational potential energy can be negative depending on the reference point chosen.

Haloalkanes are polar compounds due to the electronegativity difference between carbon and halogen.

In a harmonic progression, terms cannot be zero as it would make the reciprocal undefined.

In a harmonic progression, the terms can be negative as long as their reciprocals form an arithmetic progression.

The union of two hybrid sets combines all unique elements from both sets, thus it remains a hybrid set.

Hydrogen is a non-metal at room temperature and does not exhibit metallic properties.

Ideal solutions obey Raoult's law at all concentrations, meaning their vapor pressures are proportional to the mole fractions.

Inductive effect is a permanent effect due to the electronegativity of atoms or groups.

Isomers can exist in the same physical state, such as liquid or solid.

Isomers have the same molecular formula but differ in the arrangement of atoms.

Isomers can have different physical and chemical properties despite having the same molecular formula.

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Kinetic friction is independent of the contact area and depends only on the normal force and the coefficient of kinetic friction.

Concave lenses always produce virtual images when the object is placed within the focal length.