Mollusca includes soft-bodied animals, many of which have a hard shell for protection.

Food availability is a density-dependent factor because its effect on population growth changes with population density.

Phenol is a derivative of benzene, where one hydrogen atom is replaced by a hydroxyl group (-OH).

Ester is a derivative of carboxylic acid formed by the reaction of an acid with an alcohol.

Newton is a derived unit as it is defined in terms of the base units: 1 N = 1 kg·m/s².

Oxalic acid (C2H2O4) is a dicarboxylic acid as it contains two carboxylic acid groups.

All of the above options are direct threats to biodiversity, affecting species and ecosystems.

Maltose is a disaccharide composed of two glucose units.

Asexual reproduction lacks genetic variation, which can make populations more vulnerable to diseases and environmental changes.

FM requires a larger bandwidth than AM, which can be a disadvantage in certain communication systems.

FM requires a more complex receiver design compared to AM.

Unlimited liability for all partners is a significant disadvantage, as partners can be personally responsible for business debts.

HIV/AIDS is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which is a virus.

All of these factors influence the rate of transpiration in plants.

The polynomial x^2 - 9 can be factored as (x - 3)(x + 3).

The equation y = e^x represents a family of exponential curves for different bases.

Algae are primarily characterized by their ability to perform photosynthesis using various pigments, but they do not have true roots or vascular tissues.

Angiosperms are characterized by producing seeds, having vascular tissues, and producing flowers.

Bryophytes are non-vascular plants that typically thrive in moist habitats.

Dicots are characterized by having two cotyledons and net-like venation in their leaves.

Dicotyledons are characterized by having two seed leaves (cotyledons) and net-like venation in their leaves.

Living organisms have the ability to reproduce, which is a key feature of life.

Monocots are characterized by having parallel leaf venation and one cotyledon.

Monocotyledons are characterized by having parallel venation in their leaves.

Non-vascular plants, such as bryophytes, depend on water for reproduction as they require water for sperm to swim to the egg.

Prokaryotic cells have circular DNA and lack a true nucleus.

Sexual reproduction involves two parents and results in genetic variation among offspring.

The Indian Constitution has a federal structure, which divides powers between the central and state governments.

The kingdom Animalia consists of multicellular and heterotrophic organisms.

Plants have cell walls made of cellulose and are primarily autotrophic.