Bioremediation uses microorganisms to degrade environmental contaminants, making it a key application in environmental management.

Gene therapy is a direct application of biotechnology in medicine, aimed at treating genetic disorders.

Bioremediation uses microorganisms to degrade environmental contaminants, making it a method for waste management.

Fermentation is a biotechnological method used to produce vaccines by cultivating microorganisms.

Plants are biotic components of an ecosystem, while soil, water, and air are abiotic components.

Biotic factors are the living components of an ecosystem, which include plants, animals, and microorganisms.

Isopentane is a branched alkane, while the others are straight-chain alkanes.

2-Methylbutane is a branched-chain alkane derived from butane.

Glucose is a simple sugar and a primary carbohydrate.

Glucose is a simple sugar and a primary carbohydrate.

C2H4O2 (Acetic acid) is a carboxylic acid.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons, meaning they contain only single bonds between carbon atoms.

The ability to reproduce is a characteristic feature of all living organisms.

Cycloalkanes are characterized by their ring structure.

Echinoderms, such as starfish and sea urchins, are characterized by a water vascular system, which aids in movement and feeding.

Epithelial tissue is characterized by closely packed cells with minimal intercellular space, forming a protective layer.

Fungi have chitin in their cell walls, distinguishing them from plants.

All of the options listed are characteristic features of living organisms.

Phylum Arthropoda is characterized by a segmented body, jointed appendages, and an exoskeleton made of chitin.

Romanesque architecture is characterized by thick walls, small windows, and rounded arches, contrasting with the later Gothic style.

Photosynthesis is a characteristic feature of the kingdom Plantae, as plants are autotrophic and produce their own food using sunlight.

Viruses have a protein coat (capsid) and lack cellular structure and metabolism, requiring a host to reproduce.

+M effect is characterized by electron donation through resonance, enhancing stability.

Bases typically have a bitter taste and turn litmus paper blue.

A black body is defined as an idealized physical body that absorbs all incident electromagnetic radiation, regardless of frequency or angle of incidence.

A buffer solution is designed to resist changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.

A catalyst lowers the activation energy of a reaction, thereby increasing the rate.

Crystalline solids have a definite melting point due to their ordered structure.

A diode allows current to flow in one direction only, making it a unidirectional device.

In a first-order reaction, the rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant.