In solids, particles are closely packed and fixed in place, giving them a definite shape.

A larger slit width results in less pronounced diffraction, leading to a narrower central maximum.

In gases, particles are far apart and move freely, allowing them to fill the container they are in.

Adaptive radiation refers to the rapid evolution of many species from a common ancestor, often in response to new environmental opportunities.

The angular width of a diffraction maximum is defined as the angle between the first minimum on either side of the central maximum.

Carrying capacity refers to the maximum population size that an environment can sustainably support.

The elastic limit is the maximum stress that a material can withstand without undergoing permanent deformation.

The shear modulus is defined as the ratio of shear stress to shear strain in a material.

Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, carry genetic information.

Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information.

Triple bonds are the strongest type of covalent bond due to the presence of three shared electron pairs.

Maltose is a disaccharide formed from two glucose units.

Fructose is a ketose sugar, while glucose and galactose are aldoses.

Maltose is a reducing sugar because it has a free aldehyde or ketone group, while sucrose does not.

Cellulose is not digestible by humans due to the lack of enzymes to break it down.

Butanoic acid has the highest boiling point due to its longer carbon chain and greater molecular weight.

Oxalic acid is a dicarboxylic acid as it contains two carboxyl groups (-COOH).

Stearic acid is a long-chain fatty acid and is solid at room temperature.

Increasing the concentration of reactants will shift the equilibrium position to the right, favoring the formation of products.

A catalyst speeds up the rate of both the forward and reverse reactions equally, thus it does not affect the position of equilibrium.

Adding a catalyst speeds up the rate of both the forward and reverse reactions equally, thus it does not affect the position of equilibrium.

A catalyst speeds up the rate of both the forward and reverse reactions equally, thus it does not change the position of equilibrium.

A catalyst speeds up the rate of reaching equilibrium but does not change the position of equilibrium or the equilibrium constant.

Increasing pressure shifts the equilibrium to the side with fewer moles of gas, which is the right side in this case.

Vapor pressure lowering is a colligative property that depends on the number of solute particles in a solution.

All of the listed colligative properties can be used to determine the molar mass of a solute.

Freezing point depression can be used to determine the molar mass of a solute by measuring the decrease in freezing point.

Violet light has the shortest wavelength among the visible spectrum.

[Co(NH3)3Cl3] can exhibit geometrical isomerism due to the presence of different ligands in a square planar geometry.

[CoCl2(NH3)4]+ can exhibit geometrical isomerism due to the different arrangements of ligands around the cobalt ion.