Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) is widely used in digital communication systems due to its efficiency in transmitting data.

Frequency Modulation (FM) is the standard technique used in FM radio broadcasting due to its resistance to noise.

Frequency Modulation (FM) is commonly used in television broadcasting due to its better noise immunity.

Phase Shift Keying (PSK) is a modulation technique used to transmit digital data over an analog channel.

Amplitude Modulation (AM) varies the amplitude of the carrier signal.

In CO2, the carbon atom is sp hybridized as it forms two double bonds with oxygen.

O3 (ozone) has a bent shape due to the presence of a lone pair on the central oxygen atom.

PCl5 has phosphorus in the center, which is dsp3 hybridized, leading to a trigonal bipyramidal geometry.

In CO2, the carbon atom is sp hybridized, forming two double bonds with oxygen.

XeF4 has four bonding pairs and two lone pairs, leading to a square planar geometry.

NaCl has the highest electronegativity difference between sodium and chlorine, leading to a strong ionic bond.

Smooth muscle is involuntary and is found in the walls of internal organs, facilitating movements such as peristalsis.

Sulfur is essential for the synthesis of amino acids, particularly cysteine and methionine.

Phosphorus is essential for root development and is involved in energy transfer and storage.

Oxalic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with two carboxyl groups.

Butanoic acid is a saturated carboxylic acid.

Acetic acid (CH3COOH) is a weak acid, while HCl, H2SO4, and HNO3 are strong acids.

Formic acid (HCOOH) is stronger than acetic acid (CH3COOH).

Formic acid (HCOOH) is stronger than acetic acid and other listed acids.

Acetic acid is commonly used in the production of esters.

Butan-1-ol has the highest boiling point due to its longer carbon chain and stronger hydrogen bonding.

Methanol is the most acidic among the given alcohols due to the absence of steric hindrance.

2-butanol has a higher solubility in water due to its ability to form hydrogen bonds more effectively than the others.

Methanol is the most acidic among the given alcohols due to its smaller size and higher electronegativity.

Potassium (K) is more reactive with water than Sodium (Na) and Lithium (Li).

Isobutane is a branched alkane.

Butane has a higher density than water.

C6H14 (hexane) has a molecular weight of approximately 86 g/mol, while C7H16 (heptane) has a molecular weight of approximately 100 g/mol. The closest is C6H14.

Butane has the highest boiling point among the given alkanes due to its larger molecular size.

Methane has the lowest density among the given alkanes.