Q. In an experiment, a student measures the mass of an object as 200 g with an uncertainty of ±5 g. What is the range of possible values for the mass?
A.
195 g to 205 g
B.
200 g to 210 g
C.
195 g to 210 g
D.
200 g to 205 g
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Solution
Range = Measured value ± Uncertainty = 200 g ± 5 g = 195 g to 205 g.
Correct Answer: A — 195 g to 205 g
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Q. In an experiment, the length of a rod is measured as 12.0 m with an uncertainty of ±0.5 m. What is the total uncertainty if the length is used in a calculation involving multiplication by 3?
A.
±1.5 m
B.
±0.5 m
C.
±0.75 m
D.
±0.25 m
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Solution
Total uncertainty = 3 * (0.5 m) = ±1.5 m.
Correct Answer: A — ±1.5 m
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Q. In an experiment, the mass of an object is measured as 5.0 kg with an uncertainty of ±0.2 kg. What is the absolute error?
A.
0.2 kg
B.
0.5 kg
C.
0.1 kg
D.
0.3 kg
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Solution
Absolute error is the uncertainty in the measurement, which is ±0.2 kg.
Correct Answer: A — 0.2 kg
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Q. In an experiment, the measured value of a voltage is 12.0 V with an uncertainty of ±0.2 V. What is the maximum possible error?
A.
0.2 V
B.
0.1 V
C.
0.5 V
D.
0.0 V
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Solution
Maximum possible error is equal to the uncertainty, which is ±0.2 V.
Correct Answer: A — 0.2 V
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Q. In an experiment, the voltage is measured as 12.0 V with an uncertainty of ±0.3 V. What is the absolute error in the voltage measurement?
A.
0.3 V
B.
0.25 V
C.
0.5 V
D.
0.1 V
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Solution
The absolute error is given as ±0.3 V.
Correct Answer: A — 0.3 V
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Q. In an experiment, the voltage is measured as 12.0 V with an uncertainty of ±0.5 V. What is the maximum possible error in the voltage measurement?
A.
0.5 V
B.
0.25 V
C.
1 V
D.
0.1 V
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Solution
The maximum possible error is the absolute uncertainty, which is ±0.5 V.
Correct Answer: A — 0.5 V
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Q. In an experiment, the voltage is measured as 12.0 V with an uncertainty of ±0.5 V. What is the absolute error in the voltage measurement?
A.
0.5 V
B.
0.05 V
C.
5 V
D.
1 V
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Solution
The absolute error is given directly as ±0.5 V.
Correct Answer: A — 0.5 V
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Q. In an ideal gas, the average kinetic energy of a molecule is directly proportional to:
A.
Pressure
B.
Volume
C.
Temperature
D.
Density
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Solution
The average kinetic energy of a molecule in an ideal gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature (T) of the gas.
Correct Answer: C — Temperature
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Q. In an ideal gas, the average kinetic energy of a molecule is directly proportional to which of the following?
A.
Pressure
B.
Volume
C.
Temperature
D.
Number of molecules
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Solution
The average kinetic energy of a molecule in an ideal gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas, given by the formula KE_avg = (3/2)kT.
Correct Answer: C — Temperature
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Q. In an ideal gas, the mean free path is defined as the average distance a molecule travels between collisions. Which factor does NOT affect the mean free path?
A.
Temperature of the gas.
B.
Density of the gas.
C.
Size of the gas molecules.
D.
Color of the gas molecules.
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Solution
The mean free path is affected by temperature, density, and size of the molecules, but not by the color of the gas molecules.
Correct Answer: D — Color of the gas molecules.
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Q. In an ideal gas, the pressure is directly proportional to which of the following?
A.
Volume
B.
Temperature
C.
Number of moles
D.
Density
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Solution
According to Gay-Lussac's law, for a fixed amount of gas at constant volume, the pressure is directly proportional to the absolute temperature.
Correct Answer: B — Temperature
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Q. In an ideal gas, the root mean square speed of the gas molecules is given by which of the following formulas?
A.
v_rms = √(3RT/M)
B.
v_rms = √(RT/M)
C.
v_rms = √(2RT/M)
D.
v_rms = √(R/M)
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Solution
The root mean square speed of gas molecules is given by the formula v_rms = √(3RT/M), where R is the gas constant, T is the temperature, and M is the molar mass.
Correct Answer: A — v_rms = √(3RT/M)
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Q. In an ideal gas, the volume occupied by the gas molecules is:
A.
Negligible compared to the total volume
B.
Equal to the total volume
C.
Greater than the total volume
D.
None of the above
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Solution
In an ideal gas, the volume occupied by the gas molecules is considered negligible compared to the total volume of the gas.
Correct Answer: A — Negligible compared to the total volume
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Q. In an ideal gas, which of the following quantities is constant during an isothermal process?
A.
Pressure.
B.
Volume.
C.
Temperature.
D.
Number of moles.
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Solution
In an isothermal process, the temperature of the gas remains constant.
Correct Answer: C — Temperature.
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Q. In an ideal solution, the enthalpy of mixing is:
A.
Positive
B.
Negative
C.
Zero
D.
Varies with concentration
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Solution
In an ideal solution, the enthalpy of mixing is zero, indicating no heat is absorbed or released during mixing.
Correct Answer: C — Zero
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Q. In an irreversible process, the change in entropy of the universe is:
A.
Zero
B.
Positive
C.
Negative
D.
Undefined
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Solution
In an irreversible process, the change in entropy of the universe is positive, indicating that the total entropy increases.
Correct Answer: B — Positive
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Q. In an isochoric process, the volume of the system:
A.
Increases
B.
Decreases
C.
Remains constant
D.
Varies with temperature
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Solution
An isochoric process is characterized by constant volume, meaning the volume does not change.
Correct Answer: C — Remains constant
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Q. In an isochoric process, what happens to the internal energy of a gas when heat is added?
A.
It decreases
B.
It remains constant
C.
It increases
D.
It depends on the gas
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Solution
In an isochoric process, the volume remains constant, and any heat added to the system increases the internal energy.
Correct Answer: C — It increases
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Q. In an isochoric process, what happens to the internal energy of an ideal gas when heat is added?
A.
It decreases.
B.
It remains constant.
C.
It increases.
D.
It depends on the amount of heat added.
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Solution
In an isochoric process, the volume remains constant, and any heat added increases the internal energy of the gas.
Correct Answer: C — It increases.
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Q. In an isochoric process, what remains constant? (2021)
A.
Pressure
B.
Volume
C.
Temperature
D.
Heat
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Solution
In an isochoric process, the volume of the system remains constant.
Correct Answer: B — Volume
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Q. In an isochoric process, which of the following remains constant? (2022)
A.
Pressure
B.
Volume
C.
Temperature
D.
Internal Energy
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Solution
In an isochoric process, the volume remains constant.
Correct Answer: B — Volume
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Q. In an isothermal process for an ideal gas, which of the following is true?
A.
The internal energy remains constant.
B.
The temperature increases.
C.
The pressure decreases.
D.
The volume remains constant.
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Solution
In an isothermal process, the temperature remains constant, which implies that the internal energy of an ideal gas also remains constant.
Correct Answer: A — The internal energy remains constant.
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Q. In an isothermal process, how does the internal energy of an ideal gas change?
A.
Increases
B.
Decreases
C.
Remains constant
D.
Depends on the amount of gas
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Solution
In an isothermal process for an ideal gas, the temperature remains constant, and thus the internal energy also remains constant.
Correct Answer: C — Remains constant
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Q. In an isothermal process, the change in internal energy is:
A.
Positive
B.
Negative
C.
Zero
D.
Depends on the system
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Solution
In an isothermal process, the temperature remains constant, hence the change in internal energy is zero.
Correct Answer: C — Zero
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Q. In an isothermal process, the change in internal energy of an ideal gas is:
A.
Positive
B.
Negative
C.
Zero
D.
Depends on the amount of gas
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Solution
In an isothermal process for an ideal gas, the temperature remains constant, hence the change in internal energy is zero.
Correct Answer: C — Zero
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Q. In an isothermal process, the internal energy of an ideal gas:
A.
Increases
B.
Decreases
C.
Remains constant
D.
Depends on the amount of gas
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Solution
For an ideal gas, the internal energy is a function of temperature. In an isothermal process, the temperature remains constant, hence the internal energy remains constant.
Correct Answer: C — Remains constant
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Q. In an isothermal process, the temperature of an ideal gas remains constant. If the volume of the gas is doubled, what happens to the pressure? (2020)
A.
It doubles
B.
It halves
C.
It remains constant
D.
It quadruples
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Solution
According to Boyle's Law, P1V1 = P2V2. If V2 = 2V1, then P2 = P1/2.
Correct Answer: B — It halves
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Q. In an isothermal process, the temperature of the gas remains constant. What can be said about the internal energy of an ideal gas? (2020) 2020
A.
It increases
B.
It decreases
C.
It remains constant
D.
It varies with pressure
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Solution
For an ideal gas, the internal energy depends only on temperature. Since the temperature remains constant in an isothermal process, the internal energy also remains constant.
Correct Answer: C — It remains constant
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Q. In an isothermal process, the temperature of the system remains constant. What is the work done by the gas during expansion?
A.
Zero
B.
nRT ln(Vf/Vi)
C.
nRT (Vf - Vi)
D.
nR (Tf - Ti)
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Solution
In an isothermal process, the work done by the gas is given by W = nRT ln(Vf/Vi).
Correct Answer: B — nRT ln(Vf/Vi)
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Q. In an isothermal process, the temperature of the system remains constant. What is the work done by the gas?
A.
Zero
B.
nRT ln(Vf/Vi)
C.
nRT
D.
nR(Tf - Ti)
Show solution
Solution
In an isothermal process, the work done by the gas is given by W = nRT ln(Vf/Vi).
Correct Answer: B — nRT ln(Vf/Vi)
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