The most stable oxidation state of nitrogen is +5, as seen in compounds like nitric acid.

In this reaction, MnO4⁻ is reduced to Mn²⁺, thus it acts as the oxidizing agent.

The deltoid muscle is the primary muscle responsible for the abduction of the arm at the shoulder joint.

Ethylene (C2H4) is the simplest alkene, containing a double bond between two carbon atoms.

Methanoic acid (HCOOH) is the simplest carboxylic acid, containing only one carbon atom.

Dimethyl ether (CH3-O-CH3) is the simplest ether, consisting of two methyl groups bonded to an oxygen atom.

Formic acid (HCOOH) is the strongest carboxylic acid among the given options due to the presence of a hydrogen atom directly attached to the carbonyl carbon, which increases its acidity.

The unit of pressure is Pascal (Pa), which is equivalent to N/m².

Brittle materials fracture without significant plastic deformation.

Exothermic reactions release heat to the surroundings, resulting in a negative change in enthalpy (ΔH < 0).

The adsorption of gases on solids is typically an exothermic process, as energy is released when the gas molecules adhere to the surface.

Modern classification is based on evolutionary relationships, including genetic information.

The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be transformed from one form to another.

Shear modulus (G) measures the material's response to shear stress, indicating how it deforms under such stress.

Doping is the process used to create a p-n junction by adding impurities to a semiconductor.

Uranium-238 is commonly used as fuel in nuclear reactors due to its ability to undergo fission.

The kingdom Plantae includes multicellular organisms that are autotrophic.

The kingdom Plantae includes organisms that are primarily autotrophic, meaning they produce their own food through photosynthesis.

The kingdom Protista includes organisms that can be both autotrophic and heterotrophic.

The kingdom Protista includes both unicellular and multicellular organisms.

The kingdom Protista includes unicellular organisms.

The organism level of organization is the highest, as it encompasses all systems and structures functioning together as a single living entity.

CN- is a strong field ligand that causes a large splitting of d-orbitals, leading to low-spin complexes.

The slope of the given line is 3. The slope of a line perpendicular to it is -1/3.

Steel has the highest tensile strength among the given materials.

Copper has the highest thermal conductivity among the given materials.

Silicon is a common intrinsic semiconductor used in electronic devices.

Iron is a ferromagnetic material, which means it can be magnetized and has a high magnetic permeability.

Copper is a good conductor of electricity due to its high number of free electrons.

Glass is commonly used as a dielectric material in capacitors due to its high dielectric constant and insulating properties.