The elbow is a hinge joint, allowing movement in one plane, primarily flexion and extension.

The shoulder joint is a ball and socket joint, allowing for a wide range of motion.

The shoulder and hip joints are ball and socket joints, allowing for a wide range of motion.

The shoulder joint is a ball and socket joint, allowing for a wide range of motion.

The knee joint is classified as a hinge joint, allowing movement primarily in one plane.

A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductors are joined together.

In opposite leaf arrangement, two leaves grow at each node directly across from each other.

In opposite leaf arrangement, two leaves grow at each node directly across from each other.

A convex lens is used to correct hypermetropia (farsightedness) as it converges light rays before they enter the eye.

A convex lens is used to correct hyperopia (farsightedness) as it converges light rays before they enter the eye.

Cellulose is a carbohydrate and a major component of plant cell walls.

The reaction of haloalkanes with strong nucleophiles typically follows the SN2 mechanism, which involves a single concerted step.

Tertiary haloalkanes typically undergo the SN1 mechanism, which involves the formation of a carbocation intermediate.

The hip joint allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation, making it a versatile joint.

Isometric contraction occurs when the muscle length remains the same while tension is generated.

Smooth muscle is involuntary and found in the walls of internal organs, facilitating functions like digestion.

Cardiac muscle is responsible for the involuntary contractions of the heart, leading to the heartbeat.

Skeletal muscle is responsible for voluntary movements, while smooth and cardiac muscles are involuntary.

Cardiac muscle is the type of muscle tissue found in the heart, responsible for pumping blood.

Skeletal muscle is striated and under voluntary control, allowing for conscious movement.

The body-centered cubic (BCC) structure features body-centered packing, where one atom is at the center of the cube and eight atoms are at the corners.

Hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structures exhibit ABCABC packing.

AIDS is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which is a virus.

Cholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.

Tuberculosis is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Ferns have a dominant sporophyte generation, which is the leafy part of the plant.

All of these plant groups exhibit alternation of generations, which includes both haploid (gametophyte) and diploid (sporophyte) phases.

All vascular plants, including angiosperms, gymnosperms, and pteridophytes, exhibit alternation of generations with both gametophyte and sporophyte stages.

Liverworts are characterized by having a thallus, which is a flat, leaf-like structure.

Angiosperms are characterized by having seeds enclosed within a fruit, which is a key feature of this group.