HCl has a dipole moment because it is a polar molecule with a significant difference in electronegativity between hydrogen and chlorine.

C5H12 can exist as both straight-chain (pentane) and branched (isopentane) forms.

All the listed compounds represent common oxidation states of vanadium: +5 in V2O5, +2 in VO, and +3 in V2O3.

Cyclopropane is a cyclic alkane with three carbon atoms in a ring.

Hydrogen chloride (HCl) is a hydrogen halide, which is a binary compound of hydrogen and a halogen.

Butanone is a ketone, characterized by having the carbonyl group (C=O) between two carbon atoms.

CH3CH2CH2Cl is a primary haloalkane as the carbon attached to the halogen is bonded to only one other carbon.

The reaction of an aldehyde with a Grignard reagent produces a primary alcohol.

Trimethylamine is a tertiary amine as it has three alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom.

Ag(NH3)2+ is a complex ion formed by silver and ammonia.

Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) is an amphoteric oxide, meaning it can react with both acids and bases.

Aniline is an aromatic amine as it contains a benzene ring attached to the amine group.

Bromobenzene is an aryl halide as it contains a halogen atom bonded to an aromatic ring.

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a strong base.

[Cu(NH3)4]SO4 is a coordination complex where copper is coordinated to ammonia ligands.

SiCl4 is a covalent compound formed by silicon, a p-block element.

SiO2 (silicon dioxide) is a covalent compound formed by the sharing of electrons between silicon and oxygen.

Bromobenzene is a haloarene as it contains a halogen atom directly attached to an aromatic ring.

AlCl3 is a compound formed from a p-block element (Aluminum) and is a classic example of p-block chemistry.

Benzene is an aromatic hydrocarbon characterized by its stable ring structure and delocalized electrons.

2-methylpropane is an isomer of butane, having the same molecular formula but a different structure.

2-Butanol is an isomer of butanol, differing in the position of the hydroxyl group.

C2H4 (ethylene) is an unsaturated hydrocarbon as it contains a double bond.

H2O is a covalent compound formed by the sharing of electrons between hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

Magnesium reacts with oxygen to form magnesium oxide (MgO).

When magnesium reacts with water, it forms magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)2.

Chlorhexidine is an antiseptic that is effective against a wide range of bacteria and is commonly used in medical settings.

Benzyl bromide is less reactive in nucleophilic substitution due to the resonance stabilization of the benzyl cation formed during the reaction.

Bromobenzene is least soluble in water due to its non-polar nature and the presence of the aromatic ring.

Phenol is not classified as an alcohol because it has an aromatic ring, while the others are aliphatic alcohols.