Q. In which year was the first successful organ transplant performed, marking a significant advancement in medical science? (1954)
A.1947
B.1954
C.1967
D.1978
Solution
The first successful organ transplant, a kidney transplant, was performed in 1954 by Dr. Joseph Murray, which was a landmark achievement in medical science.
Q. The 'Macaulay Minute' of 1835 emphasized which of the following?
A.Promotion of vernacular languages
B.Introduction of English education
C.Establishment of technical institutes
D.Support for indigenous knowledge systems
Solution
The Macaulay Minute emphasized the introduction of English education as a means to create a class of educated Indians who could assist in administration.
Correct Answer: B — Introduction of English education
Q. The 'Right to Equality' enshrined in the Indian Constitution is primarily aimed at ensuring which of the following? (1950)
A.Equal pay for equal work
B.Prohibition of discrimination
C.Right to free speech
D.Right to education
Solution
The 'Right to Equality' ensures that all citizens have equal rights and prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
Q. The concept of 'Social Justice' in the Indian Constitution primarily aims to address which of the following? (1950)
A.Economic inequality
B.Caste discrimination
C.Gender disparity
D.All of the above
Solution
The concept of 'Social Justice' in the Indian Constitution aims to eliminate economic inequality, caste discrimination, and gender disparity, ensuring equality for all citizens.
Q. What was the primary focus of healthcare during the medieval period in Europe?
A.Preventive care
B.Religious healing
C.Surgical advancements
D.Public health policies
Solution
During the medieval period, healthcare was largely influenced by religion, with monasteries serving as centers for healing and care, often relying on prayer and herbal remedies.
Q. Which ancient civilization is known for its advanced medical practices and surgical techniques, including the use of herbal remedies? (1900)
A.Ancient Egypt
B.Indus Valley Civilization
C.Ancient Greece
D.Ancient China
Solution
The Indus Valley Civilization (c. 2500-1900 BCE) had advanced urban planning and evidence of medical practices, including surgery and the use of medicinal plants.
Q. Which ancient text is considered one of the earliest comprehensive medical texts, detailing surgical techniques and medicinal plants?
A.The Ebers Papyrus
B.The Sushruta Samhita
C.The Canon of Medicine
D.The Hippocratic Corpus
Solution
The Sushruta Samhita, written in ancient India, is one of the earliest texts on surgery and medicine, detailing various surgical techniques and medicinal plants.
Q. Which of the following movements aimed at the social upliftment of the marginalized sections of society in India during the 19th century? (1925)
A.Brahmo Samaj
B.Ramakrishna Mission
C.Self-Respect Movement
D.Indian National Congress
Solution
The Self-Respect Movement, founded by E.V. Ramasamy (Periyar), aimed at promoting social equality and the rights of the marginalized, particularly the lower castes, in the 19th century.
Q. Which of the following social reformers is associated with the establishment of the 'Arya Samaj' that aimed at social reform and justice?
A.Raja Ram Mohan Roy
B.Swami Vivekananda
C.Dayananda Saraswati
D.Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Solution
Dayananda Saraswati founded the Arya Samaj in 1875, which aimed at social reform, including the promotion of education and the eradication of caste discrimination.
Q. Which of the following was a key feature of education during the Mauryan Empire?
A.Focus on military training
B.Promotion of Buddhist education
C.Establishment of schools for all castes
D.Emphasis on arts and crafts
Solution
During the Mauryan Empire, particularly under Ashoka, there was a significant promotion of Buddhist education and the establishment of monasteries as centers of learning.
Correct Answer: B — Promotion of Buddhist education
Q. Which of the following was a key feature of the public health reforms in Britain during the 19th century?
A.Introduction of the NHS
B.Establishment of the General Board of Health
C.Mandatory vaccination laws
D.Creation of private hospitals
Solution
The establishment of the General Board of Health in 1848 marked a significant step in public health reforms in Britain, focusing on sanitation and disease prevention.
Correct Answer: B — Establishment of the General Board of Health
Q. Which of the following was a major outcome of the 'Green Revolution' in India concerning social justice? (1960)
A.Reduction in poverty
B.Increase in agricultural productivity
C.Widening of social inequalities
D.Empowerment of women
Solution
While the Green Revolution increased agricultural productivity, it also led to widening social inequalities, as wealth became concentrated among a few landowners.
Correct Answer: C — Widening of social inequalities
Q. Which of the following was a significant contribution of the Mughal Empire to the field of medicine in India?
A.Establishment of hospitals
B.Introduction of vaccination
C.Development of Ayurveda
D.Promotion of Western medicine
Solution
The Mughal Empire (16th-18th centuries) established hospitals known as 'Darushifa' which provided medical care and promoted the practice of medicine in India.
