Q. In which year was the Government of India Act, which laid the foundation for State Legislatures, enacted? (1935)
A.1919
B.1935
C.1947
D.1950
Solution
The Government of India Act of 1935 provided for the establishment of provincial legislatures, which were the precursors to the current State Legislatures.
Q. The 'Social Contract' theory, as proposed by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, emphasizes which of the following ideas?
A.The inherent inequality among men.
B.The necessity of a strong central authority.
C.The collective agreement of individuals to form a society.
D.The divine right of kings.
Solution
Rousseau's 'Social Contract' theory emphasizes the idea that individuals collectively agree to form a society and establish a government to protect their rights and welfare.
Correct Answer: C — The collective agreement of individuals to form a society.
Q. The Bill of Rights, ratified in 1791, is significant in American history for which of the following reasons?
A.It abolished slavery in the United States.
B.It established the framework for the federal government.
C.It enumerated specific rights and protections for individuals.
D.It granted women the right to vote.
Solution
The Bill of Rights is significant because it enumerated specific rights and protections for individuals, ensuring fundamental liberties such as freedom of speech and religion.
Correct Answer: C — It enumerated specific rights and protections for individuals.
Q. The concept of 'Separation of Powers' is most closely associated with which political philosopher?
A.Thomas Hobbes.
B.John Locke.
C.Montesquieu.
D.Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
Solution
Montesquieu is most closely associated with the concept of 'Separation of Powers', which advocates for dividing government responsibilities into distinct branches to prevent any one group from gaining too much power.
Q. The concept of 'Sovereignty' in modern political theory primarily refers to which of the following?
A.The absolute authority of a state over its territory and population.
B.The moral obligation of a state to protect human rights.
C.The ability of a state to engage in international treaties.
D.The power of the people to elect their representatives.
Solution
Sovereignty refers to the absolute authority of a state over its territory and population, indicating that the state has the ultimate power to govern itself without external interference.
Correct Answer: A — The absolute authority of a state over its territory and population.
Q. The Treaty of Westphalia, signed in 1648, is significant for establishing which of the following principles?
A.The principle of national sovereignty.
B.The principle of collective security.
C.The principle of self-determination.
D.The principle of international law.
Solution
The Treaty of Westphalia is significant for establishing the principle of national sovereignty, recognizing the rights of states to govern themselves without external interference.
Correct Answer: A — The principle of national sovereignty.
Q. Which of the following best describes the impact of the Industrial Revolution on political thought?
A.It reinforced the idea of absolute monarchy.
B.It led to the rise of socialism and labor movements.
C.It diminished the importance of individual rights.
D.It had no significant impact on political thought.
Solution
The Industrial Revolution significantly impacted political thought by leading to the rise of socialism and labor movements, as workers sought rights and better conditions in response to industrialization.
Correct Answer: B — It led to the rise of socialism and labor movements.
Q. Which of the following documents is considered the first written constitution in the world?
A.The Magna Carta.
B.The U.S. Constitution.
C.The Constitution of Athens.
D.The Articles of Confederation.
Solution
The Constitution of Athens, attributed to Cleisthenes, is often considered the first written constitution in the world, establishing a framework for governance in ancient Athens.
Q. Which of the following statements best describes the significance of the Magna Carta of 1215?
A.It established the principle of the divine right of kings.
B.It limited the powers of the king and laid the foundation for parliamentary democracy.
C.It was the first written constitution in the world.
D.It abolished feudalism in England.
Solution
The Magna Carta established the principle that everyone, including the king, was subject to the law, thus limiting the powers of the monarchy and laying the groundwork for the development of parliamentary democracy.
Correct Answer: B — It limited the powers of the king and laid the foundation for parliamentary democracy.
Q. Which of the following was a significant outcome of the French Revolution of 1789?
A.The establishment of a constitutional monarchy.
B.The rise of Napoleon Bonaparte as a dictator.
C.The end of the feudal system in France.
D.The spread of revolutionary ideas across Europe.
Solution
The French Revolution of 1789 led to the spread of revolutionary ideas across Europe, inspiring various movements for democracy and national self-determination.
Correct Answer: D — The spread of revolutionary ideas across Europe.
