The Industrial Revolution led to rapid growth of urban centers as people moved from rural areas to cities in search of jobs in factories, resulting in significant urbanization.

Social Darwinism was often used to justify colonial expansion by suggesting that stronger nations had the right to dominate weaker ones.

Total war during World War II involved the complete mobilization of resources and people, blurring the lines between civilian and military targets.

The Treaty of Nanking ended the First Opium War between Britain and China, marking a significant shift in Sino-British relations.

The Treaty of Versailles was signed to formally end World War I and imposed heavy reparations and territorial losses on Germany.

Child labor played a significant role during the Industrial Revolution as children were employed in factories and mines due to their ability to be paid lower wages, contributing to the workforce.

Deforestation was a significant environmental consequence of the Industrial Revolution, as forests were cleared for factories, urban development, and agriculture, leading to habitat loss.

The Industrial Revolution was significantly driven by Britain's abundant natural resources, particularly coal and iron, which were essential for powering machinery and building infrastructure.

The Opium Wars were primarily caused by trade imbalances, as Britain was exporting opium to China, leading to widespread addiction and social issues.

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary in June 1914 is widely regarded as the immediate catalyst that triggered World War I.

Coal was the primary energy source that powered factories during the early Industrial Revolution, providing the necessary fuel for steam engines and industrial machinery.

The Cold War was characterized by the ideological struggle between capitalism, led by the United States, and communism, led by the Soviet Union.

The Marshall Plan was an American initiative to provide aid to Western Europe to help rebuild economies after the devastation of World War II.

The Battle of Midway, fought in June 1942, is considered a turning point in the Pacific Theater as it significantly weakened the Japanese fleet.

Great Britain was the first country to experience the Industrial Revolution, beginning in the late 18th century and spreading to other parts of Europe and the world.

The invasion of Poland by Germany on September 1, 1939, is considered the immediate cause of World War II.

The invasion of Poland by Germany on September 1, 1939, is widely considered the event that marked the beginning of World War II.

The unconditional surrender of Germany on May 7, 1945, marked the end of World War II in Europe.

The steam engine, developed by James Watt in the late 18th century, is often credited with kickstarting the Industrial Revolution by providing a new source of power for factories and transportation.

The Storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789, is widely regarded as the event that marked the beginning of the French Revolution.

The spinning jenny, invented by James Hargreaves in 1764, significantly improved textile production by allowing one worker to spin multiple spools of thread simultaneously.

The Romantic Movement emerged as a response to the negative effects of the Industrial Revolution, emphasizing emotion, nature, and individualism in reaction to industrialization's mechanization.

The Industrial Revolution led to the rise of factory-based economies, transforming production and labor.

The Zimmermann Telegram, in which Germany proposed a military alliance with Mexico against the U.S., was a significant factor in the U.S. decision to enter World War I.

World War II led to the emergence of the United States and the Soviet Union as superpowers, resulting in the Cold War, a period of geopolitical tension.

'Liberty, Equality, Fraternity' is the famous slogan of the French Revolution, symbolizing its core ideals.

The bourgeoisie, or the middle class, emerged as a significant social class during the Industrial Revolution, consisting of factory owners, merchants, and professionals who benefited from industrialization.

The Treaty of Versailles, signed in 1919, officially ended World War I and imposed heavy reparations and territorial losses on Germany.