Oscillations & Waves
Q. In a forced oscillation system, what is the effect of increasing the amplitude of the driving force?
A.
Decreases the amplitude of oscillation
B.
Increases the amplitude of oscillation
C.
Has no effect on amplitude
D.
Causes the system to stop oscillating
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Solution
Increasing the amplitude of the driving force generally increases the amplitude of the oscillation in a forced system.
Correct Answer: B — Increases the amplitude of oscillation
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Q. In a forced oscillation, if the amplitude is doubled while keeping the driving frequency constant, what happens to the energy of the system?
A.
Increases by 2 times
B.
Increases by 4 times
C.
Remains the same
D.
Decreases
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Solution
Energy is proportional to the square of the amplitude, so if amplitude is doubled, energy increases by 2^2 = 4 times.
Correct Answer: B — Increases by 4 times
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Q. In a forced oscillation, if the amplitude is maximum, what can be said about the relationship between the driving frequency and the natural frequency?
A.
Driving frequency is less
B.
Driving frequency is equal
C.
Driving frequency is greater
D.
Driving frequency is unpredictable
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Solution
Maximum amplitude occurs when the driving frequency is equal to the natural frequency.
Correct Answer: B — Driving frequency is equal
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Q. In a forced oscillation, if the amplitude of the oscillation is directly proportional to the driving force, what is the relationship called?
A.
Hooke's Law
B.
Newton's Law
C.
Resonance
D.
Steady state
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Solution
In forced oscillations, the amplitude is directly proportional to the driving force in the steady state.
Correct Answer: D — Steady state
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Q. In a forced oscillation, the driving frequency is 2 Hz and the natural frequency of the system is 1.5 Hz. What is the ratio of the driving frequency to the natural frequency?
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Solution
Ratio = driving frequency / natural frequency = 2 / 1.5 = 1.33
Correct Answer: C — 1.33
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Q. In a forced oscillation, what happens when the driving frequency matches the natural frequency?
A.
The system oscillates with minimum amplitude
B.
The system oscillates with maximum amplitude
C.
The system stops oscillating
D.
The system oscillates at a different frequency
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Solution
When the driving frequency matches the natural frequency, resonance occurs, leading to maximum amplitude.
Correct Answer: B — The system oscillates with maximum amplitude
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Q. In a forced oscillation, what happens when the driving frequency matches the natural frequency of the system?
A.
The system oscillates with minimum amplitude
B.
The system oscillates with maximum amplitude
C.
The system stops oscillating
D.
The system oscillates at a different frequency
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Solution
When the driving frequency matches the natural frequency, resonance occurs, leading to maximum amplitude.
Correct Answer: B — The system oscillates with maximum amplitude
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Q. In a forced oscillation, what is the effect of increasing the amplitude of the driving force?
A.
Decreases the amplitude of oscillation
B.
Increases the amplitude of oscillation
C.
Has no effect on amplitude
D.
Causes the system to stop oscillating
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Solution
Increasing the amplitude of the driving force generally increases the amplitude of the forced oscillation.
Correct Answer: B — Increases the amplitude of oscillation
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Q. In a forced oscillation, what is the effect of resonance?
A.
Amplitude decreases
B.
Amplitude increases significantly
C.
Frequency decreases
D.
Phase difference becomes zero
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Solution
At resonance, the driving frequency matches the natural frequency of the system, leading to a significant increase in amplitude.
Correct Answer: B — Amplitude increases significantly
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Q. In a forced oscillation, what is the term for the maximum amplitude achieved at resonance?
A.
Resonance peak
B.
Damping peak
C.
Natural frequency
D.
Driving frequency
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Solution
The maximum amplitude achieved at resonance is referred to as the resonance peak.
Correct Answer: A — Resonance peak
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Q. In a harmonic oscillator, the total mechanical energy is constant. What is the form of this energy?
A.
Kinetic energy only
B.
Potential energy only
C.
Sum of kinetic and potential energy
D.
None of the above
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Solution
In a harmonic oscillator, the total mechanical energy is the sum of kinetic and potential energy, which remains constant over time.
Correct Answer: C — Sum of kinetic and potential energy
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Q. In a simple harmonic motion, if the amplitude is halved, how does the total energy change?
A.
Remains the same
B.
Halves
C.
Doubles
D.
Quadruples
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Solution
Total energy E is proportional to the square of the amplitude. If amplitude is halved, energy is reduced to 1/4, hence it halves.
Correct Answer: B — Halves
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Q. In a simple harmonic motion, if the amplitude is increased, what happens to the total energy of the system?
A.
It decreases
B.
It remains the same
C.
It increases
D.
It becomes zero
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Solution
The total energy in simple harmonic motion is proportional to the square of the amplitude. If the amplitude increases, the total energy increases.
Correct Answer: C — It increases
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Q. In a simple harmonic motion, if the displacement is given by x(t) = A cos(ωt + φ), what is the phase constant φ?
A.
0
B.
π/2
C.
π
D.
Depends on initial conditions
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Solution
The phase constant φ depends on the initial conditions of the motion, such as the initial position and velocity.
Correct Answer: D — Depends on initial conditions
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Q. In a simple harmonic motion, if the mass is increased while keeping the spring constant constant, what happens to the period?
A.
Increases
B.
Decreases
C.
Remains the same
D.
Doubles
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Solution
The period (T) increases with mass (T = 2π√(m/k)).
Correct Answer: A — Increases
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Q. In a simple harmonic motion, if the mass is increased, what happens to the period?
A.
Increases
B.
Decreases
C.
Remains the same
D.
Depends on the spring constant
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Solution
The period T is given by T = 2π√(m/k). If m increases, T increases.
Correct Answer: A — Increases
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Q. In a simple harmonic motion, the phase difference between displacement and acceleration is:
A.
0 degrees
B.
90 degrees
C.
180 degrees
D.
270 degrees
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Solution
Acceleration is always opposite to displacement in SHM, hence 180 degrees.
Correct Answer: C — 180 degrees
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Q. In a simple harmonic motion, the restoring force is directly proportional to what?
A.
Displacement
B.
Velocity
C.
Acceleration
D.
Mass
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Solution
In SHM, the restoring force is directly proportional to the displacement from the mean position.
Correct Answer: A — Displacement
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Q. In a simple harmonic motion, the restoring force is directly proportional to which of the following?
A.
Displacement
B.
Velocity
C.
Acceleration
D.
Mass
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Solution
In simple harmonic motion, the restoring force is directly proportional to the displacement from the mean position.
Correct Answer: A — Displacement
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Q. In a simple harmonic motion, the velocity is maximum at which point?
A.
Mean position
B.
Amplitude
C.
Equilibrium position
D.
None of the above
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Solution
The velocity is maximum at the mean position where the displacement is zero.
Correct Answer: A — Mean position
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Q. In a simple harmonic oscillator, if the mass is increased while keeping the spring constant the same, what happens to the period?
A.
Increases
B.
Decreases
C.
Remains the same
D.
Doubles
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Solution
The period T = 2π√(m/k) increases with an increase in mass (m).
Correct Answer: A — Increases
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Q. In a simple harmonic oscillator, if the maximum speed is 4 m/s and the amplitude is 2 m, what is the angular frequency?
A.
2 rad/s
B.
4 rad/s
C.
6 rad/s
D.
8 rad/s
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Solution
Maximum speed (v_max) = ωA. Thus, ω = v_max/A = 4/2 = 2 rad/s.
Correct Answer: B — 4 rad/s
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Q. In a standing wave, the points of maximum displacement are called:
A.
Nodes
B.
Antinodes
C.
Crests
D.
Troughs
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Solution
In a standing wave, the points of maximum displacement are called antinodes, while nodes are points of zero displacement.
Correct Answer: B — Antinodes
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Q. In a standing wave, what is the distance between two consecutive nodes?
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Solution
The distance between two consecutive nodes in a standing wave is λ/2.
Correct Answer: A — λ/2
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Q. In a standing wave, what is the point called where there is no displacement?
A.
Node
B.
Antinode
C.
Crest
D.
Trough
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Solution
A node is a point in a standing wave where the displacement is always zero.
Correct Answer: A — Node
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Q. In a standing wave, what is the position of the nodes?
A.
Points of maximum amplitude
B.
Points of minimum amplitude
C.
Points of zero displacement
D.
Points of maximum energy
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Solution
Nodes in a standing wave are points where there is no displacement, meaning they are points of minimum amplitude.
Correct Answer: C — Points of zero displacement
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Q. In a standing wave, what is the relationship between the nodes and antinodes?
A.
Nodes are points of maximum amplitude
B.
Antinodes are points of zero amplitude
C.
Nodes are points of zero amplitude
D.
Antinodes are points of minimum amplitude
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Solution
In a standing wave, nodes are points of zero amplitude, while antinodes are points of maximum amplitude.
Correct Answer: C — Nodes are points of zero amplitude
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Q. In a wave equation y(x, t) = A sin(kx - ωt), what does 'A' represent?
A.
Wavelength
B.
Frequency
C.
Amplitude
D.
Wave number
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Solution
'A' represents the amplitude of the wave, which is the maximum displacement from the equilibrium position.
Correct Answer: C — Amplitude
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Q. In a wave, if the amplitude is increased, what effect does it have on the energy of the wave?
A.
Energy decreases
B.
Energy remains the same
C.
Energy increases linearly
D.
Energy increases with the square of the amplitude
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Solution
The energy of a wave is proportional to the square of its amplitude, so if the amplitude increases, the energy increases with the square of the amplitude.
Correct Answer: D — Energy increases with the square of the amplitude
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Q. In a wave, if the amplitude is increased, what happens to the energy carried by the wave?
A.
Energy decreases
B.
Energy remains the same
C.
Energy increases linearly
D.
Energy increases with the square of the amplitude
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Solution
The energy carried by a wave is proportional to the square of its amplitude, so if the amplitude increases, the energy increases with the square of that increase.
Correct Answer: D — Energy increases with the square of the amplitude
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